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psychology > consciousness, drugs, neuron, and sleep test > Flashcards

consciousness, drugs, neuron, and sleep test Flashcards

1
Q

conciousness

A

-our subjective experience of the external world (environment) and ourselves (mental activity)

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2
Q

global workspace model

A

-conciousness is a product of different/specific brain legions
-no single area of the brain is responsible for consiousness

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3
Q

altered state of conciousness

A

-occurs when the external world seems much more or less clear to us than usual
-our thoughts are more or less organized than normal

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4
Q

sociocognitive theory of hypnosis

A

-people act hypnotized ecause they feel they have to because of expectation/it is appropriate
-have to reflect what they have seen on TV or in real life
-like role-playing

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5
Q

dissociatvie theory of hypnosis

A

-people act hypnotized because they are actually in an altered state
-their conciousness is split btween different levels
-trancelike instead of playing a role

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6
Q

meditation

A

-intense contemplation
-leads to a deep sense of calm
-three main types are concentrative, mindfulness, and transcendental

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7
Q

concentrative meditation

A

-focuse your attentino on one thing
-breathing, phrase, mental image

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8
Q

mindfulness meditiation

A

-let your thoughts flow freely
-pay attention to thoughts without examining the meaning

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9
Q

transcendtal meditiation

A

-most popular in the west
-involves meditating with great concentration for 20 mins 2 times a day

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10
Q

flow

A

-highly focused awareness of self and time diminishes
-due to complete absoprtion in an enjoyable activity

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11
Q

psychoactive drugs

A

-chemical substances taht alter preception and mood
-affects conciousness
-interacts with nerotransmitters at the receptor site of the neruons

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12
Q

stimulants

A

-excite neural activity
-speed up body functions

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13
Q

stimulants examples

A

-caffiene
-nicotine
-cocaine
-ecstasy
-amphetamines
-methamphetamines

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14
Q

nicotine effects

A

-takes approximately 12 years off of life expectacy
-increases heart and breathing rates
-reaches brain in 7 seconds (2x as fast as heroin)

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15
Q

examples of nicotine

A

-cigarettes
-cigars
-chewing tobacco
-pipe
-snuff
-e-cigs

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16
Q

hallucinogens

A

-psychedlic (mind manifesting) drugs
-distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in teh abscnese of sensory input

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17
Q

hallucinogens examples

A

-LSD
-marijuana
-peyote
-mushrooms
-ecstasy

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18
Q

deppresants

A

-reduce neural attivity
-slow down body functions

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19
Q

deppressants examples

A

-alcohol
-opiates

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20
Q

alcohol low dose effects

A

-relaxes drinkers by slowing down sympathetic nervous system
-lowers inhibitions and judgments

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21
Q

alcohol high does effects

A

-reactions slow
-speech slurs
-skilled performance deteriorates
-affects memory by dsrupting the processing of recent evets into long-term memory
-reduces self awareness
-focuses ones attention on the immediate sitaution rather than future consequences

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22
Q

opiates

A

-depress neural activity
-temporarily reduce pain and anxiety
-produce pleasurable feelings
-highly addicitive

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23
Q

examples of opiates

A

-poium
-morphine
-heroin
-oxycodone
-hydrocodone
-metahdone

24
Q

bodily affects of opiates

A

-pupils constrict
-breathing slows
-lethargic

25
withdrawal
-emotional, mental, or physical reaction to quitting a drug -ex. anxiety, fatigue, sweating, muscle achees, naseau, vomitting, halluncinations, etc.
26
neuron
-never cell that is a basic building block of the nervous system
27
parts of the neuron
-dendrites -myelin sheath -schwann cycle -axon -axon terminal buds -node of ravier -cell body -nucleus
28
dendrites
-recieve and integrate incoming messages
29
myelin sheath
-fatty tissue that insulates axon -speeding up transmissions of the message
30
schwann cycle
-non-neuronal cells in the CNS that form the myelin sheath
31
cell body
-aka shoma -contains nucleus -cell's life support center
32
nucleus
-makes the decision to fire or not fire
33
axon
-longest part of the neuron -where the electrical message travels to other nuerons or muscles or glands
34
axon terminal buds
-endpoints of teh neurons that release nuerotransmitters inot the synapse -hence sending the message onto the next neuron
35
node of ravier
-spece between the myelin sheath
36
neurotransmitters
-chemical substance taht crosses the synapse to carry on the message to the next neuron
37
acetylcholine
-controls muscle contractions, memory and learning -messenger between motor nuerons and skeletal muscles -defecit can cause alzheimers and paralysis
38
dopamine
-movement -thought process -rewarding sensation -released wehn we experience or anticipate something pleasurable -defecit can cause parkinsons -overabundance can cause schizophrenia or drug addiction
39
serotonin
-emotional states -regulate apetite -involved in sleep/wake cycle -defecit can cause anxiety, deppression, and OCD
40
norepenephrine
-physical arousal -increases heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness -quickly responding to stress -learning and memory -deppression and stress are associated
41
GABA
-inhibition of brain activty -reduces the likeness of firing a neuron -anxiety is associated
42
endorphins
-pain perceptin -positive emotions -"runner's hihg" -opiate addiction is an assoiated disorder
43
melatonin
-signals sleep/tiredness -involved int eh rhytym of sleep
44
circadian rhythms
-regulation of biological cycles into regular, daily patterns -include sleep and wakefulness -occurs ona 24 hr cycle
45
stages of sleep
-non REM (1-3) -REM
46
stage 1 of sleep
-drifting to sleep -may experience fantastic images and/or hallucinations -mix of alpha and theta aves
47
stage 2 of sleep
-breathing becomes more regular -more relaxed sleep -speel spindles (short bursts of rapid, rhytmic brain wave activity) occur -k-complexees
48
stage 3 of sleep
-aka slo wave -deepest sleep -hard to awaken -only occurs during first few ccyeles of the night -typically lasts around 30 mins -characterized by large delta aves
49
REM sleep stage
-charcterized by rapid eye movement -indicates the person is having dreams -associated ith an alert and active mind bc midn is almost as active as when awake -sleepers experiencing dreams and paralysis of motor systems
50
dremas
-occur during REM and nonREM sleep -prodcuts of conciousness during sleep - a person confuses images and fantasies with reality -usually story-like unfolding mental imagery -people spend around 6 years of their lives dreaming
51
insomnia
-inability to sleep -difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep -12-20% of adults have it
52
RBD
-muscles are not paralyzed in REM as they should be -allows person to act our the their dreams -usually vivid, violent, and intense dreams -more common in middle aged men -sometimes linked with parkinsons
53
sleep walking
-aka somnambulism -may experience blank star -move around in a slow, automatic fashion -may try to dress, eat, or go to the bathroom in the wrong place while still asleep -occurs withing sleep stage 3 -usually in first- second hour of sleeping
54
sleep apnea
-throat closes and breathing stops hile sleeping -causes people to wake up hundreds of times a night so they will start breathing again -treatments include CPAP machine and weight loss
55
narcolepsy
-ovrepowering urge to fall asleep -may occur while talking or standing up

psychology (6 decks)

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