learning test Flashcards
classical conditioning
-2 stimuli are repeatedly paired
-1 natural, 1 neutral
-subject eventually responds to originally neutral stimulus
what are the steps in classical conditioning?
-unconditioned stimulus: elicits innate response, nothing is learned about it
-unconditioned response does not ahve to be learned, reflex, unlearned behavior
-conditioned stimulus: elicits response after learning has taken place
-conditioned response: response to conditioned stimulus after it has been learned
who was ivan pavlov?
-russian physiologist
-exposed the world to classical conditioning through studies on digestion/salivation in dogs
what was ivan pavlov’s experiment?
-food (UCS) causes salivation (UCR)
-metronome (NS) + food (UCS) = salivation (UCR)
-metronome (CS) causes salivation (CR)
who was john b watson?
-one of the first to demonstrate how fears can be classically conditioned
-did little albert experiment
describe the little albert experiment
-conditioned 9 month old albert to fear white rat
-loud noise (UCS) causes fear (UCR)
-loud noise + rat (NS) = fear
-loud noise (CS) causes fear (CR)
thorndikes law of effect
-responses that produce desirable traits will be learned or “stamped” into the organism
-proved with thorndike’s puzzlebox
-cats learned to open hatch bc of food as reward
phobia
-acquired ear that is very strong in compaison to the threat of the actual object/situation
positive reinforcer
-reward
-increase in chance behavior will recur by adding positive stimulus
-ex. getting $5 for every A
negative reinforcer
-avoid
-increase in chance behavior will recur by removing a negative stimulus
-ex. headache going away after taking advil
positive punishment
-“the stick”
-decrease the chance behavior will recur by adding negative stimulus
-ex. getting a spanking
negative punishment
-“losing something” or omission training
-decrease in chance behavior will recur by taking away a positive stimulus
-ex. taking away car keys
observational learning
-learning through observing others behavior and modifyng our behavior accordingly
observational learning steps/ social learning theory
-percieving features of other’s behavior
-remembering it
-reproducing it
-being motivated to learn/carry it out
operant conditioning
-consequences of an action determine likelihood of action recurring or not
-reinforcer encourages
-punishment discourages
bandura’s bobo doll experiment
-adults beat up doll and were rewarded for it while children observed
-once they left the room childred replicated their behavior
-said children learn through imitating others who recive reward/punishments
primary reinforcer
-innately reinforcing stimulus
-satisfies biological need
-necesary for survival
-ex. food
secondary reinforcer
-learned reinforcer
-gets reinforcing power through assocation with primary reinforcer
-does not satisfy biological need
-ex. praise
