Midterm Flashcards
(49 cards)
all chemical reactions that occur in the body
Metabolic Processes
What are the two types of metabolic reactions?
Anabolism & Catabolism
larger molecules
are made from
smaller ones; requires energy
Anabolism
larger molecules are
broken down into
smaller ones; releases energy
Catabolism
provides the materials needed for cellular
growth and repair
Anabolism
type of anabolic process used to make polysaccharides, triglycerides, and proteins; produces water
Dehydration synthesis
breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones
Catabolism
a catabolic process used to decompose carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins; water is used to split the substances
Hydrolysis
reverse of dehydration synthesis
Hydrolysis
control rates of metabolic reactions; lower activation energy needed to start reactions; most are globular proteins with specific shapes; substrate specific
enzymes
Are enzymes consumed in chemical reactions?
No
What determines the substrate?
the shape of the active site
series of enzyme-controlled reactions leading to formation of a product; each new substrate is the product of the previous reaction
Metabolic pathways
make some enzymes active; non protein component; ions or coenzymes
cofactors
organic molecules that act as cofactors; vitamins
coenzymes
What factors alter enzymes?
heat, radiation, electricity, chemicals, changes in pH
ability to do work or change something
energy
what do most metabolic processes depend on
chemical energy
generates chemical energy to promote cellular metabolism
oxidation of glucose
releases chemical energy from molecules and makes it available for cellular use
cellular respiration
What are the 3 series of reactions for cellular respiration?
glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
produces carbon dioxide, water, ATP, and heat
cellular respiration
What type of reaction occurs without O2?
anaerobic reactions
Produces little ATP
anaerobic reactions
