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A&P-L > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

all chemical reactions that occur in the body

A

Metabolic Processes

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2
Q

What are the two types of metabolic reactions?

A

Anabolism & Catabolism

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3
Q

larger molecules
are made from
smaller ones; requires energy

A

Anabolism

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4
Q

larger molecules are
broken down into
smaller ones; releases energy

A

Catabolism

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5
Q

provides the materials needed for cellular
growth and repair

A

Anabolism

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6
Q

type of anabolic process used to make polysaccharides, triglycerides, and proteins; produces water

A

Dehydration synthesis

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7
Q

breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones

A

Catabolism

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8
Q

a catabolic process used to decompose carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins; water is used to split the substances

A

Hydrolysis

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9
Q

reverse of dehydration synthesis

A

Hydrolysis

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10
Q

control rates of metabolic reactions; lower activation energy needed to start reactions; most are globular proteins with specific shapes; substrate specific

A

enzymes

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11
Q

Are enzymes consumed in chemical reactions?

A

No

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12
Q

What determines the substrate?

A

the shape of the active site

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13
Q

series of enzyme-controlled reactions leading to formation of a product; each new substrate is the product of the previous reaction

A

Metabolic pathways

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14
Q

make some enzymes active; non protein component; ions or coenzymes

A

cofactors

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15
Q

organic molecules that act as cofactors; vitamins

A

coenzymes

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16
Q

What factors alter enzymes?

A

heat, radiation, electricity, chemicals, changes in pH

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17
Q

ability to do work or change something

A

energy

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18
Q

what do most metabolic processes depend on

A

chemical energy

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19
Q

generates chemical energy to promote cellular metabolism

A

oxidation of glucose

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20
Q

releases chemical energy from molecules and makes it available for cellular use

A

cellular respiration

21
Q

What are the 3 series of reactions for cellular respiration?

A

glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

22
Q

produces carbon dioxide, water, ATP, and heat

A

cellular respiration

23
Q

What type of reaction occurs without O2?

A

anaerobic reactions

24
Q

Produces little ATP

A

anaerobic reactions

25
Q

What type of reaction requires O2?

A

aerobic reactions

26
Q

produces most ATP

A

aerobic reactions

27
Q

What are the 3 parts of a ATP molecule?

A

adenine molecule, ribose molecule, 3 phosphate molecules in a chain

28
Q

When the 3rd phosphate bond is broken in ATP what does ATP become?

A

ADP

29
Q

When the 3rd phosphate bond is broken in ATP what happens to the energy?

A

it is transferred

30
Q

What is the 3rd phosphate in ATP attached by?

A

a high energy bond

31
Q

ADP becomes ATP

A

phosphorylation

32
Q

requires energy released from cellular respiration

A

phosphorylation

33
Q

what does glycolysis produce

A

NADH and ATP

34
Q

HOW MANY REACTIONS ARE IN GLYCOLYSIS

A

10

35
Q

breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvic acid molecules

A

glycolysis

36
Q

where does glycolysis occur

A

cytosol

37
Q

how many ATP molecules do glucose yield in glycolysis?

A

2

38
Q

phosphorylation, splitting, production of NADH and ATP

A

glycolysis

39
Q

instructs cells how to construct proteins; stored DNA

A

genetic informations

40
Q

segment of DNA that codes for one protein

A

Gene

41
Q

complete set of genes

A

genome

42
Q

method used to translate a sequence of nucleotides of DNA into a sequence of amino acids

A

genetic code

43
Q

delivers genetic information from nucleus to the cytoplasm

A

messenger RNA(mRNA)

44
Q

making of mRNA/copying of DNA

A

transcription

45
Q

carries amino acids to mRNA, carries anticodon to mRNA, translates a codon of mRNA into an amino acid

A

Transfer RNA(tRNA)

46
Q

provides structure and enzyme activity for ribosomes

A

Ribosomal RNA(rRNA)

47
Q

change in genetic information

A

mutations

48
Q

what corrects mutations?

A

repair enzymes

49
Q

Excess glucose stored as glycogen, fat, and converted to amino acids

A

carbohydrate storage

A&P-L (2 decks)

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