Midterm

Question 1

‘Globalists’ believe that globalization is a primary source of disruptive change in world politics.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Realist sceptics of globalization believe that globalization (or more accurately, internationalization) is a product of hegemonic power and does not alter the basic structure of world politics, nor the centrality of states and state power to national security and survival

Answer 2

True

Question 3

According to the textbook, globalization…

Answer 3

All options are correct

Question 4

Contemporary globalization is associated intimately with the revolutions in…

Answer 4

Transport and communication technologies

Question 5

Which of the following factors is NOT considered an ‘engine’ of globalization?

Answer 5

Environment

Question 6

Globally, the dominant form of populism today is that of the left.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

How did industrialization contribute to the ‘great divergence’?

Answer 7

All of the options are correct

Question 8

Rational state’ refers to…

Answer 8

The ways in which states become organized less through interpersonal relations and family ties, and more by abstract bureaucracies such as civil service and nationally organized military

Question 9

What was the “great divergence”

Answer 9

The global power disparity between the West and East during the 19th century

Question 10

What caused China’s decline during the nineteenth century?

Answer 10

All of the options are correct

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT among some of the key features of the modern international order?

Answer 11

The emergence of Multipolar world

Question 12

Newly independent countries that had formerly been colonized were unaffected by the Cold War, which mainly involved the global superpowers

Answer 12

False

Question 13

According to this chapter, British withdrawal from empire was more peaceful than that of other colonial powers, with the major and significant exceptions of India and conflicts and Malaya

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What war began the era of modern total war?

Answer 14

The First World War

Question 15

What key policy was associated with the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 15

Containment

Question 16

The United States entered the First World War in Europe because of…

Answer 16

The popular solidarity the American people felt towards the people of Western Europe

Question 17

Various factors influenced decolonization except…

Answer 17

Population size of the colonized country

Question 18

The use of ‘cold’ in the term “Cold War” refers to the lack of war in Asia from 1945 to 1989

Answer 18

False

Question 19

All of the following are reasons why some oppose the use of the term the ‘new Cold War’ to describe contemporary relations between Russia and the West, except…

Answer 19

All the options given are correct

Question 20

What term best describes the balance of power in the immediate post-Cold War era?

Answer 20

Unipolar

Question 21

Since 2008, Russia intervened militarily in which of the following countries?

Answer 21

Georgia

Question 22

Which of the following challenged optimistic views about whether China’s economy will remain ‘peaceful’?

Answer 22

All of the options given are correct

Question 23

The financial crisis that hit the advanced capitalist core in 2007 supported predictions about the future importance of the BRICS because the crisis

Answer 23

Reinforced the view that international economic institutions had to be reformed to reflect shifting economic power

Question 24

In the 1990’s global order was widely understood through the lens of neorealism

Answer 24

False

Question 25

In the 1990’s, proponents of which approach to International Relations believed that as large developing states joined international institutions they would gradually become social into a Western-led global order?

Answer 25

Liberalism

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of the institutions that were created at the end of the Second World War (and based on the power situation of that era)?

Answer 26

The International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Question 27

Those who stress the importance of the BRICS as a diplomatic grouping point to all of the following developments as evidence, except…

Answer 27

ASEAN

Question 28

Immanuel Kant was an early claimant that liberal states are pacific in their international relations with other liberal states

Answer 28

True

Question 29

The UN’s response to the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq on August 2nd, 1990, has been used as an example of collective security

Answer 29

True

Question 30

_______ was a social reformer domestically and an imperialist internationally

Answer 30

J.S. Mill

Question 31

According to Kant, which of the following is not required to achieve perpetual peace?

Answer 31

Extensive economic ties

Question 32

What was the primary organ of the idealist inter-war order?

Answer 32

The League of Nations

Question 33

What concept supposes that liberal states will not go to war with one another?

Answer 33

Democratic Peace Theory

Question 34

In “The End of History?” (1989),…. famously celebrated the triumph of liberalism over all other ideologies, but his argument now appears deeply flawed.

Answer 34

Francis Fukuyama

Question 35

U.S. President _____ advocated for the creation of a League of Nations regulate international anarchy through collective security

Answer 35

Woodrow Wilson

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT currently offered as evidence of the demise of liberal internationalism?

Answer 36

The increasing power of the EU relative to the United States

Question 37

A key element of Marxist thought is the non-material conception of history

Answer 37

False

Question 38

In the Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels famously argued that ‘the history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of…

Answer 38

Class Struggle

Question 39

The main body of critical theory emerged from which school of thought?

Answer 39

The Frankfurt School

Question 40

The Latin American Dependency School applies Lenin’s views, and argues that countries in periphery suffer as a result of the exploitation of the countries in the core

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What is the Marxist approach often known as?

Answer 41

Communist Theory

Question 42

In the Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels famously argued that ‘the history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of

Answer 42

Class struggle

Question 43

According to Gramsci, the mutually reinforcing and reciprocal relationships between socio-economic relations and political and cultural practices that together underpin a given order are known as which of the following?

Answer 43

Historic bloc

Question 44

Realist thinkers typically argue that international politics is based on power, rather than on principles of morality or justice, but this does mean that they are entirely dismissive of questions of morality or that they advocate for immoral actions

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Realists view power as relational-meaning that is exercised through interactions with other entities-and as relative-meaning that it is measured by comparison with other entities

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Which term describes the realist view that each state must take responsibility for its own security given an anarchic international system?

Answer 46

Balance of power

Question 47

Realism is a theoretical approach that was developed in the twentieth century in the United States and Britain, although its adherents often reference earlier works dating back to ancient times

Answer 47

False

Question 48

Which of the following thinkers is not associated with realist thought?

Answer 48

Kant

Question 49

Geopolitics is the study of how physical space influences international relations.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Two sub-types of neorealism/structural realism are

Answer 50

Defensive and offensive

Question 51

Neoclassical realists build on the work of classical realists to highlight the significance of foreign policy actors’ interpretations of the world around them but are less focuses than classical realists on the role of human nature and the pursuit of power

Answer 51

True

Question 52

The concept of ‘gender performativity’ is at the heart of postcolonial feminism

Answer 52

False

Question 53

Which years were designed as the United Nations Decade for Women?

Answer 53

1975-1985 (70’s-80’s)

Question 54

According to ____ gender inequality is a major barrier to human development that leads to greater incidence of war and violence

Answer 54

Liberal feminism

Question 55

By asking not only “where are the women?” but also “which women are where?”, feminism and feminist movements work towards overcoming exclusions.”

What key aspect of feminism is highlighted in this statement?

Answer 55

Inclusivity and diversity

Question 56

Choose the correct option about gender.

Answer 56

Gender encompasses both men and women

Question 57

Drawing from the insights provided in the textbook and during lectures, which of the following statements is accurate?

Answer 57

Only a small percentage of national parliamentaries are women even in western countries

Question 58

Which of the following is a key contribution of feminist IR theory?

Answer 58

All of the above

Question 59

Postcolonial and decolonial approaches were helpful for understanding international relations during the era of rapid decolonization, but have lost popularity because they have little to offer in an era of relatively declining Western power.

Answer 59

False

Question 60

Neo-colonialism, as defined by Kwame Nkrumah, refers to

Answer 60

A state that is theoretically independent, but in which the economic system and the political system are in reality directed by an external power

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of imperial wars?

Answer 61

They generally target land, not the people who live within it

Question 62

Which of the following is an example of a normative concern raised by postcolonial and decolonial approaches?

Answer 62

The attitudes, practices, and structures that support Western supremacy in the world are problematic because they tend to elevate Western states and peoples as being fundamentally more important, historically significant, and worthy of attention than non-Westerners

Question 63

Which of the following is an example of ‘retrieving the (formerly) colonized as subjects IR?’

Answer 63

Robbie Shilliam’s research on the political thought and practice of the descendants of enslaved Africans around the world

Question 64

Decolonial approaches are more commonly associated with thinkers of Asian and African descent, while postcolonial approaches have been principally cultivated by Latin American thinkers.

Answer 64

False

Question 65

Which of the following statements does not describe the common patterns of imperial or colonial control exercised by European powers?

Answer 65

Culturally, they promoted indigenous languages, laws, and religions, rather than imposing those from the West

Question 66

Who argued that, as a system, colonialism represents a totalizing form of violence?

Answer 66

Frantz Fanon

Question 67

Social facts exist because of human agreement

Answer 67

True

Question 68

Constructivists emphasize the role of ____ in shaping the interests of actors such as states

Answer 68

Identity

Question 69

While mainstream IR assumes that states have enduring interests such as power and wealth and focuses on the material forces that constrain their ability to further those interests, constructivism argues that social forces such as ideas, knowledge, norms, and rules also influence states’ identities and interests and the very organization of world politics.

Answer 69

True

Question 70

Which of the following is not true of materialism?

Answer 70

Materialism holds that actors have fixed interests.

Question 71

According to this chapter, all of the following are true of norms except…

Answer 71

Norms are always based in calculations of material interests

Question 72

The logic of consequences attributes action to the anticipated costs and benefits, while the logic of appropriateness highlights how actors are rule-following, worrying about whether their actions are legitimate.

Answer 72

True

Question 73

ESSAY QUESTION:

A) In your textbook, three significant developments challenging globalization (check crisis of globalization) are highlighted. Identify and explain these three developments and discuss the challenges they pose to globalization.
B) Contemporary political science discourse emphasizes that globalization’s impacts are unevenly distributed, varying among countries. Place yourself in the shoes of a resident in a developing country. Examine the protentional advantages and disadvantages of globalization from this perspective.
C) From a feminist viewpoint, analyze the effects of globalization on gender equality. Highlight the benefits that globalization presents in relation to gender equality.

Answer 73

A) 1. Global populist revolt
- Dominant form of populism today is that of national populism or radical right (Europe, the Americas, Asia)
- Built on festering public distrust with mainstream politics; reinforced by growing public aversion to multiculturalism, social impact of widening inequality, and divisive national culture wars
- Declining support for the liberal world order (EX: Trump ‘America First’ agenda)
2. Return of great power rivalry
- New rise in powers such as China, Brazil and India in the 21st century
- Shift from unipolar (U.S.) to multipolar (China, India, Brazil)
- Russia’s invasion on Ukraine is an example of a dramatic escalation of the rivalry
3. Growing securitization of global connectivity
- Geo-economic competition, COVID-19 pandemic, and the fallout from unprecedented Western economic sanctions imposed on Russia from invading Ukraine
- GEO ECONOMIC: World’s major economic powers have intensified their competition
- COVID: Exposed the vulnerabilities of economies to global supply chain disruption
- SANCTIONS: European dependence on Russian energy supplies have highlighted how global connectivity can also be weaponized by states

B) Citizens from developing countries have to face exploitation at work to meet demands for developed countries. However they have more access to knowledge and technology

C) Globalization has given people around the world access to more information (through television and the internet). With this, attitudes towards women have changed, allowing them to get jobs they normally wouldn’t have, leading woman to have their own income.