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PTA 102 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Ankle Strategy

A

Ankle movement to restore COG to a stable position. (small perturbations)

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2
Q

Hip Strategy

A

Hip movement to restore COG to a stable position. (Large/rapid perturbations)

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3
Q

Stepping Strategy

A

Restoration of COG when large forces displace COG beyond limits of stability.

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4
Q

Test for measuring fall risk

A

Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale.

-A list of 16 questions a patient answers w/ a percentage of their confidence. An avg. <67% means increased fall risk

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5
Q

Static balance grade PTA descriptors: Patient able to maintain balance without support

A

Normal

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6
Q

Dynamic balance grade PTA descriptors: Accepts maximal challenge and can shift weight in all directions

A

Normal

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7
Q

Static balance grade PTA descriptors: Patient able to maintain balance without support, limited postural sway noted

A

Good

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8
Q

Dynamic balance grade PTA descriptors: Accepts moderate challenge, can shift weight (although limitations are evident), and can reach to floor within BOS

A

Good

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9
Q

Static balance grade PTA descriptors: Patient able to maintain balance with hand held support

A

Fair

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10
Q

Dynamic balance grade PTA descriptors: Can tolerate only minimal challenge, cannot maintain balance while weight shifting, and able to rotate head L/R

A

Fair

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11
Q

Static balance grade PTA descriptors: Patient requires support to maintain balance

A

Poor

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12
Q

Static balance grade PTA descriptors: Patient requires Max A to maintain balance

A

Zero

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13
Q

Testing a pt. balance while they are sitting or standing still

A

Static testing

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14
Q

What is the Romberg Stand?

A

Standing with feet together EO/EC and arms crossed (Static)

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15
Q

What is the Sharpened Romberg Stand?

A

Standing with feet heel to toe EO/EC and arms crossed (Static)

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16
Q

What is the Single Leg Stand?

A

Standing on one leg EO/EC and arms crossed (Static)

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17
Q

How to perform a Dynamic Balance test

A

Perform in sitting EO/EC, then in standing EO/EC

  • Head rotation, weight shift, reach in all directions
  • Nudge
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18
Q

Coordination PTA grading: Smooth/Accurate/ Controlled Motion

A

Within Normal Limits

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19
Q

Coordination PTA grading: Slow or jerky

A

Impaired

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20
Q

Coordination PTA grading: unable to perform

A

Absent

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21
Q

Pressure Ulcer Stage: The area looks red and feels warm to the touch

A

Stage 1

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22
Q

Pressure Ulcer Stage: The area looks more damaged and may have an open sore, scrape, or blister

A

Stage 2

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23
Q

Pressure Ulcer Stage: The area has a crater-like appearance due to damage below the skin’s surface

A

Stage 3

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24
Q

Pressure Ulcer Stage: The area is severely damaged and a large wound is present. Bone may be showing.

A

Stage 4

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25
Q

Bony landmarks at risk of breakdown in supine

A
  • back of head
  • spine of scapula
  • spinous processes of vertebrae
  • elbows
  • sacrum
  • heals
26
Q

Bony landmarks at risk of breakdown in side-lying

A
  • ear
  • shoulder
  • side of elbow
  • greater trochanter
  • side of knee
  • side of ankle
  • heal
27
Q

Bony landmarks at risk of breakdown in prone

A
  • forehead
  • front of shoulders
  • elbows
  • rib cage
  • ASIS
  • knees
  • dorsum of feet
  • toes
28
Q

Bony landmarks at risk of breakdown in sitting

A
  • spine of scapula
  • spinous processes of vertebrae
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
  • ischial tuberosities
  • greater trochanters
  • under thighs
  • heals
29
Q

Key elements of a safe transfer

A
  • Use a gait belt
  • Plan ahead
    • Clear path
    • check for tubes and lines
    • Know the ability of you and your pt.
    • Visualize the transfer
  • Check for wb status and contraindications
  • Lock brakes and check stability of equipment
  • Use good body mechanics
30
Q

Contraindications for THA

A
  • No adduction
  • No internal rotation
  • No flex. beyond 90 deg.
  • No ext. beyond neutral
31
Q

The pt. can perform transfer w/o any type of verbal or manual assistance

A

Independent

32
Q

The pt. may require vc or uses assistive equipment or adaptive equipment (bed rail, grab bar, transfer board, furniture)

A

Modified Independent

33
Q

The pt. requires assistance from another person to perform the activity safely in an acceptable time frame; physical assistance, verbal or tactile cues, directions, or instructions may be used

A

Assisted

34
Q

The pt. requires verbal or tactile cues, directions, or instructions from another person positioned close to, but not touching the pt. to perform the activity safely and in an acceptable time frame; the assistant may provide protection in case the patient’s safety is threatened

A

Standby Assist

35
Q

The caregiver is posistioned close to the pt. with his/her hands on the pt. or a gait belt; it is very likely the pt. will require protection during the performance to complete the activity

A

Contact Guarding

36
Q

The pt. performs >or= 75% of the activity; assistance is required to complete the activity

A

Min A

37
Q

The pt. performs 50-74% of the activity; assistance is required to complete the activity

A

Mod A

38
Q

The pt. performs 25-49% of the activity; assistance is required to complete the activity

A

Max A

39
Q

The pt. requires total physical assistance from one or more persons to accomplish the activity safely; special equipment or devices may be used

A

Dependent

40
Q

How should you measure for the back height of a wc

A

4 in below axilla

41
Q

How should you measure for the seat depth of a wc

A

2 in proximal to popliteal fossa

42
Q

How should you measure for the armrest height of a wc

A

Have pt. hold flex elbow to 90 deg. Position armrest 1 in above ant. forearm

43
Q

How should you measure for the leg rest length of a wc

A

Measure from popliteal fossa to sole of foot. Extend feet for 2 in floor clearance

44
Q

Fitting for parallel bars

A
  • 20-25 deg elbow flex
  • hand 6in ant. to hips
  • bars 2in lat. to hips
45
Q

Fitting for walker

A
  • 20-25 deg elbow flex

- hand piece at wrist crease

46
Q

Fitting for axillary crutches

A
  • 77% of total height
  • crutch tips 2” lat. & 4-6” ant. to feet
  • 20-25 deg elbow flex
  • hand piece at wrist crease
  • 2” between axilla and axillary pad
47
Q

Fitting for forearm crutches

A
  • 20-25 deg elbow flex
  • hand piece at wrist crease
  • cuff 1-1.5” below elbow
48
Q

Fitting for cane

A
  • 20-25 deg elbow flex
  • hand piece at elbow crease
  • cane used on good side
49
Q

Guarding Basics for pt. with assistive device

A
  • Hand supinated on gait belt
  • Behind and beside on affected side
  • BOS
  • Bend knees w/ transfers
50
Q

Contraindications for massage

A 
Specific Area
-break in skin
-rash
-local inflammation
-bruise
No Massage
-fever
-scabies
-impetigo
51
Q

Indications for massage

A
  • Increases relaxation
  • Increases circulation
  • Decreases stiffness
  • Before/after treatment/exercise
52
Q

Purpose for Compression massage technique

A

Useful to warm up tissue before deeper techniques

53
Q

Purpose for effleurage massage technique

A

To move the fluid contents of the superficial veins and lymph vessels. Useful in stimulating the circulation and mobilizing tissue fluids

54
Q

Purpose for petrissage massage technique

A

Mobilize muscle fibers and other deep tissues; lengthen shortened tissue

55
Q

Purpose for picking up/lifting/wringing massage technique

A

To mobilize muscle and facilitate joint mobility typically used on a limb where petrissage is not easily performed

56
Q

Purpose for skin rolling massage technique

A

To mobilize the skin and subcutaneous tissue

57
Q

Purpose for the push/pull massage technique

A

To mobilize muscle and facilitat joint mobility

58
Q

Purpose for the percussion (tapotement) massage technique

A

Used to stimulate tissue, used primarily to mobilize lung secretions

59
Q

Purpose for the friction massage technique

A

Heat local tissues, break up adhesions, reorganize collagen fibers

60
Q

Purpose for the vibration/shaking/jostling massage technique

A

Vibration: mobilize lung secretions

Shaking/jostling: encourages “letting go” of tension in muscles

61
Q

Physiological effects of the compression massage technique

A

Creates a deep hyperemia and softening effect in the tissues

PTA 102 (6 decks)

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