Exam 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What are the contraindications for Goniometry?
A
- Muscle contaction can cause injury (AROM)
- Joint motion can impede healing (PROM)
- Pt. is immediately post-op, dislocation, non healed Fx
2
Q
What are the goals and purposes for doing Goniometry?
A
- Establish goals
- Determine progress or lack of
- Provides objective data
- Helps with fabrication of equipment
- Motivate the Pt.
3
Q
What are the parts of the Goniometer?
A
- Axis: Point in the center of the round part around which everything rotates
- Stationary Arm: Arm attached to the round part
- Moveable Arm: Arm by itself
4
Q
What does Validity mean in terms of Goniometry?
A
Does the instrument measure what it’s supposed to measure
5
Q
What does Reliability mean in terms of Goniometry?
A
Does the instrument yeild the same results on repeated uses by either the same operator or different operator
6
Q
What are some strategies to improve reliability?
A
- The same tester
- Pt. in same position
- Same goniometer
- Proper size goniometer
- Measurement taken at same time of day
- Measurement taken at same sequence in treatment
- Measurement taken at eye level
7
Q
Normal AROM for the Hip
A
- Flexion= 120
- Extension= 30
- Abduction= 45
- Adduction= 30
- Internal Rotation= 45
- External Rotation= 45
8
Q
Normal AROM for the Knee
A
- Flexion= 135
- Extension= 0
9
Q
Normal AROM for the Ankle
A
- Plantar flexion= 50
- Dorsiflexion= 20
- Inversion= 35
- Eversion= 15
10
Q
Normal AROM for the Shoulder
A
- Flexion= 180
- Extension= 60
- Abduction= 180
- Horizontal Abduction=45
- Horizontal Adduction= 135
- Internal Rotation= 70
- External Rotation= 90
11
Q
Normal AROM for the Elbow
A
- Flexion= 150
- Extension= 15
12
Q
Normal AROM for the Forearm
A
- Supination= 80
- Pronation= 90
13
Q
Normal AROM for the Wrist
A
- Flexion= 80
- Extension= 70
- Ulnar Deviation= 30
- Radial Deviation= 20
14
Q
How do you perform the length test for the Pectoralis Major?
A
- Pt. is supine
- Abd. shoulder to 90
- Flex elbow to 90
- Measure for Shoulder Horizontal Abduction
15
Q
How do you perform the length test for the Biceps Brachii?
A
- Pt. is supine
- Pronate forearm
- Extend Shoulder
- Measure for elbow extension
16
Q
How do you perform the length test for the Triceps
A
- Pt. is seated
- Forearm is supinated
- Shoulder is flexed
- Measure for elbow flexion
17
Q
How do you perform the length test for the Hamstrings and what is another name for it?
A
- Pt. is supine
- With the knee fully extended, measure for hip flexion
- AKA Passive Straight Leg Raise (PSLR)
18
Q
How do you perform the length test for the Hip Flexors, what is another name for it, and which muscles are you testing?
A
- Pt. is supine at the edge of the plinth at midthigh level
- Pt. holds untested hip into flexion so that sacrum and L-Spine are flat on the plinth
- Pt. lowers measured LE to plinth
- If the knee is extended and the thigh touches the table, it is the Rectus Femoris that is tight
- If the knee is flexed and the thigh still does not touch the table, it is the Iliacus that is tight
- Measure for hip flexion
- AKA Thomas Test
19
Q
How do you perform the length test for the Hip Adductors?
A
- Pt. is supine
- Non-measured LE is abducted with knee flexed over the side of the plinth w/ foot supported on stool
- Measure for hip adduction
20
Q
How do you perform the length test for the Iliotibial Band, which muscle(s) are you testing, and what is another name for it?
A
- Pt. is side lying with measured side up and facing away from tester
- Extend hip
- Flex knee
- Measure for hip Adduction
- The Tensor Fascia Latae is the muscle being measured
- AKA the Ober’s Test
21
Q
What is the Ely’s Test and how do you perform it?
A
- It measures the length of the Rectus Femoris
- With the Pt. supine, measure for knee extension
22
Q
How do you perform the length test for the Gastrocnemius?
A
- Pt. is standing with measured knee extended and non-measured LE lunging forward
- Measure for dorsiflexion
23
Q
What are the contraindications for MMT?
A
- Pain
- Inflammation
- Severe inflammatory disease
- Severe Cardiac/Respiratory Disease
24
Q
What are the Precautions for MMT?
A
- Recent Surgery
- History of disc pathology
- CV- watch for valsalva
- When overwork is detrimental
25
What are the indications for MMT?
- Data Collection
- Document progress toward goals
- To see if treatment is effective
26
Describe the process of MMT, including the MMT screen.
- Explanation & instruction
- Test Uninvolved side first
- Test involved side AROM against gravity (Screen)
- Determine PROM
- Depending on screen results, proceed from there.
27
How do you grade muscle strength using whole numbers and half numbers?
```
5 = Full ROM against gravity- Max resistance
4 = Full ROM against gravity- Mod resistance
4- = >50% ROM against gravity- Mod resistance
3+ = Full ROM against gravity- Min resistance
3 = Full ROM against gravity- No resistance
3- = >50% ROM against gravity
2+ = >50% ROM against gravity
2 = Full ROM gravity eliminated
2- = <50% ROM gravity eliminated
1 = No movement, flicker of muscle contraction
0 = Nothing
```
28
What are the normal Primitive Reflexes?
- Rooting
- Moro
- Stepping
- Palmar Grasp
- Plantar Grasp
- ATNR
- Galant
- Parachute
- Anterior Propping
- Lateral Propping
29
What are the normal reflexes which persist into adulthood?
- Blinking
- Gag
- Sneeze
- Yawn
- Cough
30
What are abnormal primitive reflexes?
Reflexes which are
- absent at birth
- abnormal at birth
- persistent past the age that it usually disappears
- redevelopment of primitive reflexes
31
What is Pharmacokinetics?
The study of what happens to the drug once it enters the body and the way it is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated
32
What is Pharmacodynamics?
The analysis of what the drug does to the body
33
What are the pharmacokinetic implications for the PT?
- Timing of PT sessions wih drug peaks and valleys
- inhaled drugs often take 15-20 mins to peak
- pain meds should be taken prior to PT
- insulin timing and peak effect
- Effects on absorbtion and distribution are increased with heat, exercise and massage and decreased with cold
34
What is the ABCDE method used for and what does each letter mean?
-Used to distinguish Melanoma spots to normal spots on the body
A=Asymmetry
B=uneven Borders
C=variety of Colors
D=Diameter (larger than a pencil eraser)
E=Evolution (changes in size, shape, color, etc.)
35
What are the signs and symptoms of cancer?
```
C=Change in bowl/bladder routine
A=A sore that will not heal
U=Unusual bleeding/discharge
T=Thickening/lump develops
I=Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O=Obvious change in wart/mole
N=Nagging cough/hoarseness
```
*Unexplained weight loss, fatigue, anorexia, anemia, pain and or weakness
36
What are the PT implications for pt.s w/ Cancer?
- Verify exercise guidelines with the physician
- Monitor blood values daily (platelet and hematocrit)
- Anemia: dyspnea, dizziness, heart palpitations
- Low Platelets: Bruise Easily
- Low WBC: Infection risk
- Exercise intensity should range 40-65% of Heart Rate Reserve
37
What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes?
Type 1
- Pt.s are unable to synthesize enough or any insulin
- Normally diagnosed in children
- Known as insulin dependent
- Cause is unknown
- signs and Sx include sudden onset of weight loss, ketoacidosis, polyuria, blurred vision, dehydration, & fatigue
Type 2
- Typically occurs in adults over age 45, but higher in children due to childhood obesity
- Some insulin is produced by the pancreas but not enough
- Develops from increased resistance to insulin and/or inadequate insulin secretion
- Obesity increases insulin resistance
- Signs and symptoms are same as Type 1, but ketoacidosis rarely occurs
- Can be treated through diet, exercise, insulin injections or oral madications as needed
