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PTA 102 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Superficial Sensory Tests?

A
  • Pain
  • Light Touch
  • Pressure
  • Temperature
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2
Q

How do you perform a sensory test for pain?

A
  • Poke the pt. in random spots on the skin with a sharp and dull object. E.g. sharp and dull side of a paper clip.
  • Can pt. distinguish between sharp and dull or feel either of the 2 objects at all
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3
Q

How do you perform a sensory test for light touch?

A
  • Tap pt. with cotton ball on random spots of the skin (do not wipe)
  • Can pt. feel the light touch
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4
Q

How do you perform a sensory test for pressure?

A
  • Firmly press the pt. on random spots of the skin with finger or thumb
  • Can pt. feel the pressure
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5
Q

How do you perform a sensory test for temperature?

A
  • Tap pt.s with 2 test tubes (one filled with hot water and the other filled with cold water), on random parts of the skin
  • Can pt. distinguish between hot and cold or feel either of the 2 tubes at all
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6
Q

Which type of test is used for loss of protective sensation in diabetic patients and those at risk for developing neuropathic fool ulcers?

A

Myofilament Testing

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7
Q

What are the Deep Sensation Tests?

A
  • Proprioception
  • Kinesthesia
  • Vibration
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8
Q

What does Proprioception testing test for?

A

Can the pt. distinguish which position a joint is in without looking?

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9
Q

What are the Cortical Stimulations sensory tests?

A
  • Steriognosis
  • Two-Point Descrimination
  • Graphesthesia
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10
Q

What can you have your pt. do before reflex testing to have them relax?

A
  • Clench teeth

- Jendrassik Maneuver (interlock fingers together in front of face and pull apart)

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11
Q

What does a reflex score of 0 mean?

A

No response

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12
Q

What does a reflex score of 1+ mean?

A

Minimal response, no joint movement

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13
Q

What does a reflex score of 2+ mean?

A

Normal response

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14
Q

What does a reflex score of 3+ mean?

A

Brisk response

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15
Q

What does a reflex scort of 4+ mean?

A

Hyperactive response/clonus

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16
Q

What does a reflex score of 5+ mean?

A

Sustained clonus

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17
Q

What are the different reflex tests?

A
  • Biceps
  • Brachioradialis
  • Triceps
  • Quadriceps
  • Achilles
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18
Q

What response does the Biceps Reflex test give and which nerve root innervates this muscle?

A
  • Elbow Flexion

- C5

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19
Q

What response does the Brachioradialis Reflex test give and which nerve root innervates this muscle?

A
  • Elbow Flexion

- C6

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20
Q

What response does the Triceps Reflex test give and which nerve root innervates this muscle?

A
  • Elbow Extension

- C7

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21
Q

What response does the Quadriceps Reflex test give and which nerve root innervates this muscle?

A
  • Knee Extension

- L4

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22
Q

What response does the Achilles Reflex test give and which nerve root innervates this muscle?

A
  • Ankle Plantarflexion

- S1

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23
Q

What is the term used to describe a group of muscles that one spinal nerve innervates?

A

A Myotome

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24
Q

What is the term used to describee the skin area that is supplied by the sensory fibers of a spinal nerve?

A

A Dermatome

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25
Q

In terms of myotomes, what is the action and muscle innervated by C5?

A

“Stay alive”

  • Shoulder Abduction
  • Deltoid
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26
Q

In terms of myotomes, what is the action and muscle innervated by C5, C6?

A

“Pick up Sticks”

  • Elbow Flexion
  • Biceps
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27
Q

In terms of myotomes, what is the action and muscle innervated by C7?

A

“Up to heaven”

  • Elbow Extension
  • Triceps
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28
Q

In terms of myotomes, what is the action and muscle innervated by C8?

A

“Ulnar Deviate”

  • Ulnar Deviation
  • Flexor & Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
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29
Q

In terms of myotomes, what is the action and muscle innervated by L1, L2?

A

“Lift up your shoe”

  • Hip Flexion
  • Iliopsoas
30
Q

In terms of myotomes, what is the action and muscle innervated by L3, L4?

A

“Kick the door”

  • Knee Extension
  • Quadriceps
31
Q

In terms of myotomes, what is the action and muscle innervated by L4, L5?

A

“Up to the sky”

  • L4: Ankle Dorsiflexion: Anterior Tibialis
  • L5: Toe Extension: Extensor Hallicus Longus
32
Q

In terms of myotomes, what is the action and muscle innervated by S1?

A

“The race has just begun”

  • Plantar Flexion/Eversion
  • Gastrocnemius
33
Q

Which Dermatomes are on the UEs and where do they start and end?

A
  • C5-T2
  • C5 is on the lateral aspect of the humerus
  • T2 is on the medial aspect of the humerus
34
Q

Where is the Dermatome for C7 located?

A

The 3rd digit up to the wrist

35
Q

Which Dermatomes are on the LEs and where do they start and end?

A
  • L2-S2
  • L2 is on the anterior aspect of most of the lateral thigh and a third of the medial thigh
  • S2 is on the posterior aspect of the thigh
36
Q

Where is the Dermatome for L3 located?

A

The Knees

37
Q

Where is the Dermatome for L4 located?

A

The medial surface of the foreleg

38
Q

Where is the Dermatome for L5 located?

A

The lateral surface of the foreleg to the first 3 toes

39
Q

What is the ABC Scale?

A
  • Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale

- It’s a 16 question questionaire which measures your fall risk

40
Q

What does a balance grade of Normal in Static mean?

A

Pt. is able to maintain balance with no support

41
Q

What does a balance grade of Good in Static mean?

A

Pt. is able to maintain balance with no support, limited postural sway noted

42
Q

What does a balance grade of Fair in Static mean?

A

Pt. is able to maintain balance with hand held support

43
Q

What does a balance grade of Poor in Static mean?

A

Pt. requires support to maintain balance

44
Q

What does a balance grade of Zero in Static mean?

A

Pt. requires Max Assistance to maintain balance

45
Q

What does a balance grade of Normal in Dynamic mean?

A

Pt. accepts Maximal challenge and can shift weight in all directions

46
Q

What does a balance grade of Good in Dynamic mean?

A

Pt. accepts Moderate challenge, can shift weight (although limitations are evident), and can reach to floor within BOS

47
Q

What does a balance grade of Fair in Dynamic mean?

A

Pt. can tolerate only Minimal challenge, cannot maintain balance while weight shifting, but can rotate head L/R

48
Q

What does the therapist look for when conducting coordination tests?

A
  • Are the movements direct, precise, and easily reversed?
  • Do the movements occur in a reasonable amount of time?
  • Does speed affect the quality of the movement?
  • Is there extraneous movement, swaying, or oscillations?
49
Q

What is Dysmetria?

A

The inability to jude distance

50
Q

What is Dysdiadochokinesia?

A

The inability to perform rapidly alternating movement (supination/pronation)

51
Q

What is a Tremor?

A

Involuntary oscillating movement

52
Q

What is Akinesia?

A

The inability to initiate movement

53
Q

What does a coordination test grade of WNL mean?

A

Pt.s actions are smooth and controlled

54
Q

What does a coordination test grade of Impaired mean?

A

Pt.s actions are slow/jerky

55
Q

What does a coordination test grade of Absent mean?

A

Pt. was unable to perform action

56
Q

What does Reliability in terms of goniometry mean?

A

Does the instrument yeild the same results on repeated uses by either the same operator or different operators

57
Q

What does Validity in terms of goniometry mean?

A

Does the tool measure what it’s supposed to measure

58
Q

What are the landmarks for measuring C-Spine Flexion/Extension with a tape measure?

A

From the chin to the suprasternal notch

59
Q

What are the landmarks for measuring C-Spine Lateral Rotation with a tape measure?

A

From the Mastoid to the Acromion Process

60
Q

What are the landmarks for measuring C-Spine Rotation with a tape measure?

A

From the Chin to the Lateral aspect of the Acromion Process

61
Q

What are the landmarks for measuring L-Spine Flexion/Extension with a tape measure and what is another name for this method?

A
  • From S2 to 15cm above

- The Schober Method

62
Q

What are the landmarks for measuring Trunk Lateral Flexion with a tape measure?

A
  • From the tip of the third finger to the floor
  • The difference in the tip of the third finger while standing upright and the tip of the third finger while laterally flexed
63
Q

What are the landmarks for measuring Trunk Rotation with a tape measure?

A

From the Acromion to the Upper Iliac Crest in Midaxillary Line

64
Q

What are the normal AROM measurements for the shoulder?

A 
Flexion=180
Extension=60
Abduction=180
Adduction=0
Int Rot=70
Ext Rot=90
Hori Abd=45
Hori Add=135
65
Q

What are the normal AROM measurements for the elbow?

A

Flexion=150

Extension=0

66
Q

What are the normal AROM measurements for the forearm?

A

Supination/Pronation=80-90

67
Q

What are the normal AROM measurements for the wrist?

A

Flexion=80
Extension=70
Radial Dev=20
Ulnar Dev=30

68
Q

What are the normal AROM measurements for the hip?

A 
Flexion=120
Extension=30
Abduction=45
Adduction=30
Inter Rot=45
Ext Rot=45
69
Q

What are the normal AROM measurements for the knee?

A

Flexion=135

Extension=0

70
Q

What are the normal AROM measurements for the ankle?

A

Dorsiflexion=20
Plantar Flexion=50
Inversion=5
Eversion=5

71
Q

What are the normal AROM measurements for the TMJ?

A

Depression=35-50cm
Occlusion=0
Protrusion=3-7mm
Retrusion=10-15mm

72
Q

What are the landmarks for measuring Trunk Flexion with 2 Inclinometers?

A

C7 and S2

PTA 102 (6 decks)

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