Midterm #1 Terms

Question 1

Prehistoric

Answer 1

1. Before historic time
2. Important b/c how we write about history.
3. Earliest writing about 4-5 thousand years ago so… prehistoric = prewriting.

Question 2

Mohenjodaro

Answer 2

1. City discovered within Harappa in the Indus Valley
2. Dating from 2600 and 1900 BCE
3. One major feature of the city is the Great Bath; though its purpose is unknown, it was meant to hold water.

Question 3

Stamp seal

Answer 3

1. Also known as the “Siva” seal it was carved in fine-grain steatite, coated and then fired
2. They were found in considerable quantities in the Harrapa or Indus Valley civilization- 2600-1900 BCE.
3. They usually would includes figures alone or with animals.

Question 4

Painted pottery

Answer 4

1. A feature of the Yangshao Culture, which was around 5000-2750 BCE.
2. Painted pottery is also cross cultural.
3. The way the pot was decorated gives us a way of dating the pot.

Question 5

Jade

Answer 5

1. A type of stone that is very strong and hard.
2. Jade-making techniques include abrading, grinding, also magnification
3. It is considered an expensive material so when found in tombs it comments on the status of the deceased person.

Question 6

Yin

Answer 6

1. Current day known as Anyang, this is the last capital of the Shang Dynasty.
2. It is dated 1300-1050 BCE
3. It was a major cult center with palaces and ancestral temples and tombs.

Question 7

Ancestral worship

Answer 7

1. This was a common practice in ancient Chinese cultures.
2. Ancestral worship would include building a tomb in the honor of the deceased, as well as rituals.
3. In addition to this, there was a view of hierarchy within the deceased ancestors - the older the ancestor the higher up the scale they were.

Question 8

Fu Hao

Answer 8

1. Dating 1200 BCE, she was a consort for King Wu Ding.
2. An extraordinary woman, she once served in battle.
3. She was the most favorite and powerful of the wives and was honored with a tomb located in Anyang, Henan.

Question 9

Piece-mold bronze casting

Answer 9

1. This was a method used in ancient China when using bronze.
2. It involves making a clay mold.
3. Once that mold dries it is then covered in pieces with wet clay. When those dry the mold is then shaved to create a spacing for the bronze. The pieces of clay are then put back on the mold and the bronze is poured in.

Question 10

taotie

Answer 10

1. These are a decorative motif commonly seen during the Shang dynasty.
2. It was used on ritualistic bronze vessel and was a type of zoomorphic imagery.
3. The use of these began to fade out during the early Zhou dynasty.

Question 11

Sanxingdui

Answer 11

1. Located in Guanghan County around 2500 - 1000 BCE
2. Four sacrificial pits were discovered there.
3. A notable life size statue was found.

Question 12

Mandate of Heaven

Answer 12

1. Occurred during the rise of the Western Zhou after conquering the Shang dynasty around 1050 BCE
2. It involved that a regime must remain in Heaven’s favor in order to
3. Further it was believed that to follow Heaven’s will was to uphold ceremonies and social conventions (law, morality and propriety)

Question 13

Zhou ritual reform

Answer 13

1. This was during the regime change of the Western Zhou rule dating around 1050 BCE
2. It focuses on how bronzes became a preferred channel to articulate ideas.
3. Inscriptions were often placed on bronze pieces for example the bronze plate containing the inscription honor an occasion in family history.

Question 14

Warring States

Answer 14

1. is a period in ancient China following the Spring and Autumn period
2. The dates for this period is 450-221 BCE
3. The Qin Dynasty rose after this period

Question 15

Marquis Yi of Zeng

Answer 15

1. Dating around 433 BCE Marquis Yo of Zeng has a tomb loacted in Sui County
2. The tomb was in tack and had a west (servants qtrs), east (private qtrs), and central chamber (ceremonial hall)
3. It was meant to appear as his household.

Question 16

Lacquer

Answer 16

1. It is made from Lac tree sap which is native to south China.
2. The varnish comes when you boil the sap and it is applied to items in multiple layers
3. Many lacquered objects were found in the Marquis Yi of Zeng’s tomb marking his wealth.

Question 17

First Emperor of Qin

Answer 17

1. He ended the Warring States period and unified China and established standard weight, language, and culture
2. He began the formation of the Great Wall of China.
3. the Lishan Mausoleum was built around his tomb with a great magical terracotta army.

Question 18

Lishan mausoleum

Answer 18

1. It is located around the First Emperor of Qin’s tomb.
2. This was built around the 3rd Century BCE during the QIn Dynasty.
3. It holds 4 pits… Pit 1 is an army of 6000 terra cotta warriors… pit 2 contains calvary and chariots… pit 3 is considered the command headquarters…. and pit 4 is empty impressing that the tomb was left unfinished. This army was meant to protect the Emperor.

Question 19

Li Si

Answer 19

1. He was a key figure during the early Qin Dynasty
2. He supervised the building of the Lishan mausoleum.
3. This dates around the 3rd Century BCE

Question 20

Mingqi

Answer 20

1. The definition is a replica, surrogate or substitute, often made in some inexpensive medium
2. They are wooden figurines… spiritual representations
3. These were found in the Lishan Mausoleum.

Question 21

Module

Answer 21

1. This was a type of system present during the compilation of the Terracotta army in the Lishan Mausoleum.
2. Part were made separately and each person was to focus on their specific part.
3. This established an efficient system to finish quicker.

Question 22

Emperor Wu of Western Han

Answer 22

1. His reign was around 141 -87 BCE
2. He established a centralized government… a bureaucratic empire and also included Confucianism.
3. He also expanded the territory

Question 23

Mawangdui

Answer 23

1. This means “Horse King Mound”
2. Dating around the 2nd century BCE, it is a tomb located outside Changsha, Hunan
3. There are three tombs there which include, Lady di, Li Cang and Marquis of Dai.

Question 24

Liu Sheng

Answer 24

1. He was the half brother of Emperor Wu of Western Han
2. This dates around 113 BCE
3. His tomb include him and his wife and is above ground located at Mt. Ping, in Mancheng, Hebei

Question 25

Cult of Immortality

Answer 25

1. During the Han Dynasty it was a part in religious practice.
2. It involved the interest of finding immortality.
3. This was around the first century BCE

Question 26

Confucianism

Answer 26

1. This is an ideology developed by the Chinese philosopher and had influenced the Han dynasty under Emperor Wu’s rule.
2. It involves the people, including the emperor needing to be virtuous.
3. During emperor Wu’s rule, in order to have a political position one would need to prove that he was a virtuous man.

Question 27

Koguryo

Answer 27

1. A kingdom of Korea dating 37 BCE - 668 CE
2. Originated in north Korea and then moved south.
3. The Chinese colony Lelang was a place to trade and introduced knowledge to Koguryo

Question 28

Mounded tombs

Answer 28

1. Originating in China, they are mounds that are not natural, but are artificial.
2. It is of two part - Outside is an artificial mound and the inside is a tomb
3. It is seen cross cultural (ex..China, Korea, and Japan)
4. Underground is the tomb structure

Question 29

Anak

Answer 29

1. A tomb in 337 CE in Korea
2. The tomb was looted so there is no longer an artifacts to study but there were paintings on the walls.
3. This tomb was a space both for the living and the dead.

Question 30

Yamato

Answer 30

1. Part of Kofun Japan in 300-700 CE
2. It is the name of an imperial house still known today.
3. It is in the Kyoto area

Question 31

Haniwa

Answer 31

1. This means “circle of clay”and it refers to clay cylinder and sculptures placed around a tomb mound.
2. It is seen in Japan.
3. The Warrior Haniwa is symbolic and may symbolize a guardian for the tomb