Midterm #1 Terms Flashcards
1
Q
Prehistoric
A
- Before historic time
- Important b/c how we write about history.
- Earliest writing about 4-5 thousand years ago so… prehistoric = prewriting.
2
Q
Mohenjodaro
A
- City discovered within Harappa in the Indus Valley
- Dating from 2600 and 1900 BCE
- One major feature of the city is the Great Bath; though its purpose is unknown, it was meant to hold water.
3
Q
Stamp seal
A
- Also known as the “Siva” seal it was carved in fine-grain steatite, coated and then fired
- They were found in considerable quantities in the Harrapa or Indus Valley civilization- 2600-1900 BCE.
- They usually would includes figures alone or with animals.
4
Q
Painted pottery
A
- A feature of the Yangshao Culture, which was around 5000-2750 BCE.
- Painted pottery is also cross cultural.
- The way the pot was decorated gives us a way of dating the pot.
5
Q
Jade
A
- A type of stone that is very strong and hard.
- Jade-making techniques include abrading, grinding, also magnification
- It is considered an expensive material so when found in tombs it comments on the status of the deceased person.
6
Q
Yin
A
- Current day known as Anyang, this is the last capital of the Shang Dynasty.
- It is dated 1300-1050 BCE
- It was a major cult center with palaces and ancestral temples and tombs.
7
Q
Ancestral worship
A
- This was a common practice in ancient Chinese cultures.
- Ancestral worship would include building a tomb in the honor of the deceased, as well as rituals.
- In addition to this, there was a view of hierarchy within the deceased ancestors - the older the ancestor the higher up the scale they were.
8
Q
Fu Hao
A
- Dating 1200 BCE, she was a consort for King Wu Ding.
- An extraordinary woman, she once served in battle.
- She was the most favorite and powerful of the wives and was honored with a tomb located in Anyang, Henan.
9
Q
Piece-mold bronze casting
A
- This was a method used in ancient China when using bronze.
- It involves making a clay mold.
- Once that mold dries it is then covered in pieces with wet clay. When those dry the mold is then shaved to create a spacing for the bronze. The pieces of clay are then put back on the mold and the bronze is poured in.
10
Q
taotie
A
- These are a decorative motif commonly seen during the Shang dynasty.
- It was used on ritualistic bronze vessel and was a type of zoomorphic imagery.
- The use of these began to fade out during the early Zhou dynasty.
11
Q
Sanxingdui
A
- Located in Guanghan County around 2500 - 1000 BCE
- Four sacrificial pits were discovered there.
- A notable life size statue was found.
12
Q
Mandate of Heaven
A
- Occurred during the rise of the Western Zhou after conquering the Shang dynasty around 1050 BCE
- It involved that a regime must remain in Heaven’s favor in order to
- Further it was believed that to follow Heaven’s will was to uphold ceremonies and social conventions (law, morality and propriety)
13
Q
Zhou ritual reform
A
- This was during the regime change of the Western Zhou rule dating around 1050 BCE
- It focuses on how bronzes became a preferred channel to articulate ideas.
- Inscriptions were often placed on bronze pieces for example the bronze plate containing the inscription honor an occasion in family history.
14
Q
Warring States
A
- is a period in ancient China following the Spring and Autumn period
- The dates for this period is 450-221 BCE
- The Qin Dynasty rose after this period
15
Q
Marquis Yi of Zeng
A
- Dating around 433 BCE Marquis Yo of Zeng has a tomb loacted in Sui County
- The tomb was in tack and had a west (servants qtrs), east (private qtrs), and central chamber (ceremonial hall)
- It was meant to appear as his household.
16
Q
Lacquer
A
- It is made from Lac tree sap which is native to south China.
- The varnish comes when you boil the sap and it is applied to items in multiple layers
- Many lacquered objects were found in the Marquis Yi of Zeng’s tomb marking his wealth.
17
Q
First Emperor of Qin
A
- He ended the Warring States period and unified China and established standard weight, language, and culture
- He began the formation of the Great Wall of China.
- the Lishan Mausoleum was built around his tomb with a great magical terracotta army.
18
Q
Lishan mausoleum
A
- It is located around the First Emperor of Qin’s tomb.
- This was built around the 3rd Century BCE during the QIn Dynasty.
- It holds 4 pits… Pit 1 is an army of 6000 terra cotta warriors… pit 2 contains calvary and chariots… pit 3 is considered the command headquarters…. and pit 4 is empty impressing that the tomb was left unfinished. This army was meant to protect the Emperor.
19
Q
Li Si
A
- He was a key figure during the early Qin Dynasty
- He supervised the building of the Lishan mausoleum.
- This dates around the 3rd Century BCE
20
Q
Mingqi
A
- The definition is a replica, surrogate or substitute, often made in some inexpensive medium
- They are wooden figurines… spiritual representations
- These were found in the Lishan Mausoleum.
21
Q
Module
A
- This was a type of system present during the compilation of the Terracotta army in the Lishan Mausoleum.
- Part were made separately and each person was to focus on their specific part.
- This established an efficient system to finish quicker.
22
Q
Emperor Wu of Western Han
A
- His reign was around 141 -87 BCE
- He established a centralized government… a bureaucratic empire and also included Confucianism.
- He also expanded the territory
23
Q
Mawangdui
A
- This means “Horse King Mound”
- Dating around the 2nd century BCE, it is a tomb located outside Changsha, Hunan
- There are three tombs there which include, Lady di, Li Cang and Marquis of Dai.
24
Q
Liu Sheng
A
- He was the half brother of Emperor Wu of Western Han
- This dates around 113 BCE
- His tomb include him and his wife and is above ground located at Mt. Ping, in Mancheng, Hebei
25
Q
Cult of Immortality
A
- During the Han Dynasty it was a part in religious practice.
- It involved the interest of finding immortality.
- This was around the first century BCE
26
Q
Confucianism
A
- This is an ideology developed by the Chinese philosopher and had influenced the Han dynasty under Emperor Wu’s rule.
- It involves the people, including the emperor needing to be virtuous.
- During emperor Wu’s rule, in order to have a political position one would need to prove that he was a virtuous man.
27
Q
Koguryo
A
- A kingdom of Korea dating 37 BCE - 668 CE
- Originated in north Korea and then moved south.
- The Chinese colony Lelang was a place to trade and introduced knowledge to Koguryo
28
Q
Mounded tombs
A
- Originating in China, they are mounds that are not natural, but are artificial.
- It is of two part - Outside is an artificial mound and the inside is a tomb
- It is seen cross cultural (ex..China, Korea, and Japan)
- Underground is the tomb structure
29
Q
Anak
A
- A tomb in 337 CE in Korea
- The tomb was looted so there is no longer an artifacts to study but there were paintings on the walls.
- This tomb was a space both for the living and the dead.
30
Q
Yamato
A
- Part of Kofun Japan in 300-700 CE
- It is the name of an imperial house still known today.
- It is in the Kyoto area
31
Q
Haniwa
A
- This means “circle of clay”and it refers to clay cylinder and sculptures placed around a tomb mound.
- It is seen in Japan.
- The Warrior Haniwa is symbolic and may symbolize a guardian for the tomb
