Midterm 1 info Flashcards
Where do Greeks live and what did they speak?
1) Aegean Sea
2) Ancient Greek
Where did Roman’s life and what did they speak?
1) Mediterranian Sea
2) Romans adopted Greek ideology
What is the Knossos? and who build it?
1) A palace
2) Minoan
Knossos characteristics and who build it (4)
Minoan
1) Construction and Decoration
2) Lightwells
3) Labyrinthine
4) Central Courtyard
Knossos - Labyrinthine
the Labyrinth was an elaborate, confusing structure designed and built by the legendary artificer Daedalus for King Minos of Crete at Knossos
Knossos - Central Courtyard
Used for parties and central area for major event/ ruler to show off
Mycenean Palace Characteristics (4)
1) Palace / Citadel - smaller
2) Defensible position
3) Central Hall
Mycenaean Palace - Defensible position
Cyclopean Mansory (giant stone wall)
Mycenaean Palace - Central Courtyard
1) Megatron - rather than the courtyard (Minoan)
Mycenaean Palace - Fresco
Painting from Pylos
How were Mycenaean perceived?
Warriors due to Dendra armor
What were the sources of the Minioan?
Minion from Knossos
What were the Mycenaean source? (2)
1) Linear B tablets from Pylos
2) Claw drawn by sharp object
a. alluded to the economy and war
b. Fire destroyed most evidence, clay war hardened
Reason for Mycenean civilization: Causes? (2)
1) Dorian invasion - settlement did not become different
2) Mix of elements - Internal uprising, Natural disaster, Economic disaster
What was the result of the Mycenean civilization? (1050-750BC)
Greek dark age (1050-750BC)
What were the result of the Greek dark age? (5)
1) Loss of literarcy and art (crude)
2) End of monumental building
3) Less trade
4) Smaller & poorer settlement
5) Some echoes of Minioan/ Mycenaean civilization perserved in Greek MYTH / traditional language
Theseus slaying the Minataur
vase from Athens, c.460BC
During the Dark Age what notible happens to the tools and material
Iron Age - 950BC
When was the Greek Revival?
900-750BC
Greek Revival - Two causes to art
1) Sub-Mycenaean Pottery - Asymetrical
2) Geometry Pottery - Circle patterns
Greek Revival - Greek alphabet time and significance?
1) 800BC
2) Signs for vowels
Greek Revival (Late Dark Age) - Phoenicians
Greek alphabet derived from an alphabet of Phoenicians (Syria/Lebanon)
Archaic Period - Timeframe
750-500BC
Archaic Period (5) Main Development
1) Hoplite Warfare
2) Increase Literacy
3) The shift from aristocratic values to communal values
4) Polis - System
5) Colonization
Archaic Period - Hoplite Warfare (3)
1) Round wooden shield - Hoplon
2) Bronze shield, bronze greaves, bronze helmet
3) Mass ranks ( Phalanx) instead of individual fighters/ chariot
Poet Homer - Oddysey
Odyssey: Return of Odysseus from the Trojan war - shows humour
Archaic Period - Increase in literacy and artistry (4)
1) Inspired by Egyptian sculpture
2) Archaic smile - structures smile
3) Reflect male beauty
4) More realistic
Archaic Period - increase in literacy and artistry -Korai
Both males and females were painted brightly
Archaic Period - Increase in literacy and artistry -Mykonos Vase (2)
○ Art depicting fantasy
○ Trojan Horse
Archaic Period - Shift from aristocratic values to communal values (3)
Change from
- Basilleis to
- Aristrocratic to
- Egalitarianism
Archaic Period - Shift from aristocratic values to communal values - Basilleis (3)
○ Justified position by:
○ Personal Charisma
○ Courage and leadership in battle
Dark Ages
Archaic Period - Shift from aristocratic values to communal values - aristocrats (2)
Justified their position by:
○ Ancestry / family
Early archaic period
Archaic Period - Shift from aristocratic values to communal values - Egalitarianism
Non elite greek challenged elite
-Greek organized themselves into cities where males citizens could participate in government: Egalitarianism (equal right to citizens)
Archaic Period - The Poleis System (5)
- Thebes
- Athens
- Corinth
- Sparta
- Rhodes
Archaic Period - The Poleis System - Alternative to poleis (2)
1) Monarchy
2) Ethnos/Federal State
Archaic Period - The Poleis System - Alternative to poleis - Monarchy
Rules by one guy ( king )
Archaic Period - The Poleis System - Alternative to poleis - Ethnos/ Federal State
A group of people who believe they are the same ethnicity and culture wise you could say
Archaic Period - The Polis: Typical Features
1) TEMPLES -God worship
2) AGORA - Government acitvity
3) Pattern of pave street
Archaic Period -THE POLIS-SYSTEM: SIGNIFICANCE (4)
- Encourages communal values/ loyalty within city
- Encourages conflict with other poleis
- Prompts Greeks to place immense value on political participation (men)
- Political participation requires rational argument and persuasive speech
- Quotes - poet and Aristotle (2)
- Aristotle defines polis as - whoever has the power to participate in the deliberative and judicial offices of the polis as “who ever has the power to participate in the deliberate and judicial offices of the polis.
- In our nature to argue politics. It’s imbedded within us. - Alcaeus - A polis is not where there are stones, or wood, or the craftof the builders; a polis and its walls arre found wherever there are men to defend themselves.
Archaic Period - Colonization
1) Some migrations during Dark Age (Ionians to Asia Minor)
2) Boom in colonization during the ARCHAIC PERIOD:
Mid - 8th c. BCE to .c 500 BCE
