#4 Rise of Macedon Flashcards
How were Ancient Macedon cities and people like?
1) cities, mainly tribal
2) Citizen were warriors
What was the role of the king?
He had sole power
Who was the advised by?
Hetairoi (noble companion) helped make choices
What were the Aristrocratic warrior ideals? (2)
1) Fan of war/hunting art
2) Personal courage (hunting and war)
In what aspect did the Macedon people appreciate Greek culture? (4)
1) Spoke Greek
2) Art was classical Greek art
3) Invited Greeks to do drama plays
4) Alexanders tutor was Greek
What was found at the Royal Tombs of Vergina? (4)
1) Gold
2) Bones
3) Arms and armour
4) Fresco painting -
What was the Battle of Chaeronea? What year did it take place?
An intervention between poleis which resulted in a decisive defeat against Greek opposition.
338BCE
How did King Philip strenghten loyalty to kings, among elite, non elite Macedonians? (2)
1) He fought in wars
2) Reached out to Elite
What was so special about the Sarrisa
18ft baaaby
What was the league of Corinth? When was it established and by and with what intention? (3)
1) A league created with two purposes, common peace in Greece and vengeance against Persia
2) Created by Phillips
3) 337BCE
What was Aigai and what occured there? (2)
1) Greek style theatre
2) Were King Phillips was assasinated
Alexander the Great Born and Died…?
356-323BCE
At what age did Alexander become King?
Age 20!
Did Alexander want to be portrayed as young or old?
He wanted to be presented as young and with big eyes in his paintings. Legend says, divine eyes = buggy eyes
Who did Alex defeat?
Persian King
At 15 what courages thing did Alex do to convince public of his charm and aura?
Tammed a wild horse at 15 who he then takes it to battle.
BUCEPHALUS
What was the name of Alexanders horse ?
BUCEPHALUS
What did Alex do to charm the public part two?
Untied a untiable knot called the GORDIAN KNOT
-showed how he can be so DECISIVE
Whad did Alex do to charm the public part 3
○ Went to India and troops rebelled conquest. They instead go to a dessert, notoriesly harsh. Water is found for troops son’s but rather Alex gets it. Very unpopular decision. “ A king does not drink when his army is thirsty” People loved him for this and turned the scenario- making people look at him as charismatic
§ E.g Gedrosian Desert
However 1/5 of army died
How long was Alexanders campaign?
334-325BCE
What was the Battle of Issus? When did it take place?
1) Persian King Derius III defeated for the first time
2) 333
What the battle of Issus resemble?
That Alex was the face of this conquest
Why was a factor into Alex defeated Persian King Derius III? (3)
1) King Derius III did not Alex was a great threat. underestimated Macedonean. Even though the Persian had more troops
2) Alex’s troops were loyal to him
3) Darius troops were not loyal
In what year was Darius defeated for a second time?
331BCE
How did King Darius killed?
Murdered by his Satraps
How did Alexander honour King Darius death?
1) Threw funural
What was the significance of Alexander honour ceremony for King Darius? (3)
1) Shows his power
2) Showed his dignity
3) BIG PR move
How long was Alexanders campaign?
324-325BCE
Key moments in Alexander’s campaign (3)
1) Captures Persepolis (330BCE)
2) Turns back after mutiny at Hyphasis River in India (326)
3) Dies in Babylon (323BCE)
How did Alexander try and assimilate and befriend captured Persian territory? (2)
1) Wore clothing of Persians
2) Told me to build a Sacrficial Tribunal 2X the size of a normal one so people thought they were giants
What motivated Alexander Conquest? (5)
1) Need to prove that he is a couragous warrior
2) Inspired by Greek Mythology
3) Belief in own divinity - Megalima
4) Gain world empire
5) ALEXANDERS GOAL WAS TO SPREAD GREEK CULUTRE / IDEAS
Which Greek Mythology was Alexander inspired by?
1) Dinosalys
2) Hercules
3) Son of Ra/Ammon [Zeus] In egypt
Alexander’s Treatment of Individuals - BAD (4)
1) Takes over Persian Empire - Ends Achemind Dynasty
2) Burns down palaces at Persepolis in 330BCE - Protittute convinced him. Or accidental are possible
3) Appropriates lands for resources/ cities
4) Several massicres (india, Tyre)
Alexander’s Treatment of Individuals - GOOD
1) Attempts to gain local loyalty
2) - Astronomical Diaries (text produced in Babylon) mention some of Alexander’s Activities
○ E.g. “on the 11th, and order of Alexander to the Babyonians was sent as followings: “into your house I shall not enter” house means house or temple (gods)
3) Married women of local places to unite community
4) Adopted Persian court ceremonies and dress
5) Tolerated / encouraged local religions
6) Mass marriages of Macedonian - HETAIROI to persian women
7) included and promoted Persians in army/ government
What was the significance of Alexander the Great?
Some conquests lost, but lasting Macedonian kingdoms established in:
1) Asia + Syria, Egypt, Macedon + northern Greece
2) Larger, more interconnected Mediterranean world, linked by Greek language and culture
