# 3 Lead up to the Pelonnesian War

Question 1

What were the four reasons for the lead up to the Peloponnesian War?

Answer 1

1) Growing fear of Athen
2) Helots revolt, Sparta appeals to the Hellenic league for help
3) Struggles between democracy and oligarchies
4) Priorities between navy and infantry

Question 2

Elaborate on the Helots revolt

Answer 2

Sparta appeals to Hellenic League for help

- Athens sends 4,000 hoplite but rejected.

Question 3

Who was Thucydides? (2)

Answer 3

1) Strategos (General)

2) Historian of the Peloponnesian War

Question 4

What does Thucydides claim in his passage 5.84 -113

Answer 4

1) Claims overall that the Athenians rather be more powerful than love.
2) Premise- Athens wanted political power and that when they want something they’ll get it.
3) Thucydides is a balanced historian but uses dialogue to represent how Athens has lost its state

Question 5

What is the problem with the historian strategeos Thucydides? And where is it represented?

Answer 5

1) He often wrote what he felt both parties were saying which can be seen as shady due to bias and recollection
2) The Melian Dialogue

Question 6

Recap exceprt strategies the Melian Dialogue (THUC 584. 113)

Answer 6

…

Question 7

When was the Peloponnsian War ?

Answer 7

431BC- 404BC

Question 8

Who were the two fighting the Peloponnesian war?

Answer 8

Sparta + allies Peloponnesians VS Athen + Athenian army

Question 9

What were the ostensible causes of the Peloponnesian war? (3)

Answer 9

1) Colony Corcyra squabbles with mother city Corinth
2) Athen intervenes to help Corcyra
3) Corinth appeals to sparta + allies and hence there is a reason to fight the Athens

Question 10

According to Thucydides what was the real cause of the Peloponnesian war? (2)

Answer 10

1) real cause (aitia) was the growth of Athen is power and the alarm which inspired in sparta
2) Popular opinion was in favor of sparta as they were going to liberate as most people were sick of athens rule

Question 11

What contrast is at place between the athens before and during the Peloponnesian war?

Answer 11

Before they were looked as the liberators and now they are looked as the oppressors.

Question 12

What was the downfall of Athen and their direct democracy?

Answer 12

They often thought in mob like mentatlity (twitter)

Question 13

What were the two war strategies deployed in the Peloponnesian war?

Answer 13

1) Cautious strategy: Stay within long walls, rely on imported grains, attack peloponnese with Navy.
And succeed by demagogues (leader of the people)
2) Cautious Strategy: Destroy farms in Attica, defeat Athenian allies

Question 14

Who was Pericles?

Answer 14

Strategos (general) who was dominate in Athen 462-429BCE using the first Cautious Strategy

Question 15

Who was Brasidas?

Answer 15

Spartan Strategos who deployed the second Cautious Stategy. Died in 422 BCE infantry

Question 16

When was the battle of Lysander and how was it fought?

Answer 16

Navy (407-404BCE). Lysander was a Spartan Admirable who lead the fight with navy to defeat Athens army at Aegospotami

Question 17

what was THE battle of Aegospotami?

Answer 17

• Spartan defeat Athens (405BCE)

Question 18

How was the Aegospotami battle won?

Answer 18

It was won by spartans by using financed navy ships by Persians and depriving Athen of grain

Question 19

What were Spartan’s terms for Athens? (4)

Answer 19

1) Empire is replaced with oligrachies (previously democracies)
2) Cannot own more than 12 ships
3) Long walls torn down
4) Oligarchies installed 404 BCE and then returned to democracies 403 ( mis behaving)

Question 20

What did the defeat signify?

Answer 20

The result of this means that a committee is established and that politicians can be punished.

Athens look of democracy was weakend

Question 21

Why did Athens lose the war? (3)

Answer 21

1) Concentration of population within walls caused a plague 430BCE
2) Pericles dies 429BCE
3) Subsequent leader is less effective

Question 22

OTHER reasonS why Athen loses the Pelopennosian war? (2)

Answer 22

1) Sicillian Expedition (415-413) Athens tries to help Egesta vs Selinus, Selinus calls in ally Syracuse.

Athens lost badly

2) Harsh treatment of allies alineates support
Mytilene revolted vs Athenian Empire (428 BCE) but recaprtured in 427 BCE

Question 23

Significance of the Pelonnesian War? (431-404BCE) (4)

Answer 23

1) END of Athenian empire and power
2) Weakens Athenian democracy
3) Sparta wins but soon loses support of other poleis
4) LEADS TO UNCERTAINTY IN GREECE 4TH BCE
greek poleis vulnerable to interferences from Macedon!!!