midterm 1 book vocab

Question 1

personality coefficient

Answer 1

0.3
represents the modest correlation between self-reported traits and actual behavior

Question 2

situationism

Answer 2

Attack on trait theory. Idea that situation determines behavior, not personality

Question 3

diathesis-stress model

Answer 3

the notion that there must be an interaction between the diathesis (susceptibility/predisposition) and a stress (in the environment) in order for a mental disorder/problem to develop

Question 4

extravert

Answer 4

one who enjoys social and exciting activities; is outgoing

Question 5

factor

Answer 5

a dimension underlying a set of interrelated measures

Question 6

factor analysis

Answer 6

a statistical procedure done to find the basic dimensions underlying a set of measures (find things that correlate strongly and group the as one factor)

Question 7

factor loading

Answer 7

describes the correlation between a variable/behavioral response and a factor

Question 8

idiographic

Answer 8

an approach that focuses on individual uniqueness; deep dive into few individuals

Question 9

introvert

Answer 9

prefers solitary activities

Question 10

interpersonal circle

Answer 10

theory that proposes that personality patterns come from varies amounts of dominance and love

Question 11

lexical criterion

Answer 11

the number of words that refer to a trait indicate how important that trait is

Question 12

nomothetic

Answer 12

approach that focuses on the norms and variations of a large group (differences between lots of people)

Question 13

types

Answer 13

discontinuous categorization of personalities

Question 14

traits

Answer 14

continuous dimensions of personality

Question 15

anabolic steroids

Answer 15

chemicals that mimic body’s tendency to rebuild muscle

Question 16

antisocial personality

Answer 16

impulsive and do not consider consequences to their actions

Question 17

behavioral approach system

Answer 17

brain region that regulates incentive pursuit

Question 18

behavioral inhibition system

Answer 18

brain region that regulates anticipation of punishment

Question 19

dopamine

Answer 19

neurotransmitter for approach regulation (incentive pursuit)

Question 20

EEG electroencephalogram

Answer 20

a record of electrical activity in higher brain regions

Question 21

functional MRI

Answer 21

making a picture of brain activity during different mental states

Question 22

impulsive unsocialized sensation seeking

Answer 22

trait involving the capacity to inhibit behavior for social adaptation

Question 23

incentives

Answer 23

things that people desire

Question 24

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 24

making a picture of brain activity from electromagnetic energy

Question 25

negative emotionality

Answer 25

predisposition to experience negative feelings often