Midterm - 1&2

Question 1

The hindsight bias refers to people’s tendency to

Answer 1

Exaggerate their ability to have foreseen an outcome

Question 2

Our tendency to believe we know more than we do best illustrates

Answer 2

Overconfidence

Question 3

Six of the children in Mr. Myer’s class were born on exactly the same day. This strikes him as astonishing and improbable. In this instance, he should be reminded that

Answer 3

Random sequences of events often don’t look random

Question 4

Three key attitudes of scientific inquiry are

Answer 4

Curiosity, skepticism, and humility

Question 5

A hypothesis is a

Answer 5

Testable prediction that gives direction to research

Question 6

To asses reactions to a proposed tuition hike at her school, Ariana sent a questionnaire to every fifteenth person in the registrars alphabetical listing of all currently enrolled students. Ariana is ensuring that her survey results are accurate by using

Answer 6

Random assignment

Question 7

Gamblers often throw dice gently for low numbers and hard for high numbers. This most directly illustrates

Answer 7

An illusion of control

Question 8

Regression toward the mean refers to the tendency for

Answer 8

Unusual events to be followed by more ordinary events

Question 9

If psychologists discovered that more intelligent parents have smarter children than less intelligent parents, this would demonstrate that

Answer 9

The intelligence of parents and children is positively correlated

Question 10

Random assignment minimizes _____ between experimental and control groups. Random sampling minimizes _____ between a sample and a population

Answer 10

Differences; differences

Question 11

Statistical reasoning can help us to generalize correctly from a

Answer 11

Sample to a population

Question 12

The Ancient Greek philosopher Plato located the mind in the

Answer 12

Head

Question 13

Phrenology highlighted the presumed functions of

Answer 13

Specific brain regions

Question 14

Dr. Wolski conducts research on the potential relationship between neurotransmitter deficiencies and mood states. Dr. Wolski’s research focus is most characteristic of

Answer 14

The biological perspective

Question 15

An axon is

Answer 15

The extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body

Question 16

The resting potential of an axon results from the fact that an axon membrane is

Answer 16

Selectively permeable

Question 17

Schizophrenia is most closely linked with an oversupply of the neurotransmitter

Answer 17

Dopamine

Question 18

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the central and the ______ nervous systems

Answer 18

Peripheral

Question 19

A simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus called a

Answer 19

Reflex

Question 20

At the age of 22, Mrs. LaBlanc was less than 4 feet tall. Her short stature was probably influenced by the lack of a growth hormone produced by the

Answer 20

Pituitary gland

Question 21

Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a

Answer 21

Lesion

Question 22

S. M. is a patient who has been called “the woman with no fear,” even of being threatened with a gun. Her fearlessness is best attributed to damage to her

Answer 22

Amygdala

Question 23

The corpus callosum is a wide band of axon fibers that

Answer 23

Transmits information between the cerebral hemispheres

Question 24

Mark meets briefly with applicants for positions in his company and relies on his immediate gut-level first impressions in deciding whether to offer them a job. Marks employment decisions are most clearly guided by

Answer 24

Intuition