MIDTERM 02 - Feelings and Moral Decision Making

Question 1

Holds that there are no objective moral properties and that ethical statements are in fact arbitrary because they do not express immutable (unchanging) truths (Feeling based theories)

Answer 1

Ethical subjectivism

Question 1

2 feeling based theories (EE)

Answer 1

Ethical subjectivism, Emotivism

Question 2

The view (originally put forward by Protagoras) that there are as many distinct scales of good and evil as there are individuals in the world (Varieties of ethical subjectivism)

Answer 2

Individualist subjectivism

Question 3

Individualist subjectivism was originally put forward by __________ and states that there are as many distinct scales of good and evil as there are individuals in the world

Answer 3

Protagoras

Question 4

Individualist subjectivism is effectively a form of __________, which maintains that every human being ought to pursue what is in his or her self-interest exclusively

Answer 4

Egoism

Question 5

The view that for a thing to be morally right is for it to be approved of by society (Varieties of ethical subjectivism)

Answer 5

Moral relativism/Ethical relativism

Question 6

The view that what is right is determined by the attitudes that a hypothetical ideal observer (a being who is perfectly rational, imaginative, and informed) would have (Varieties of ethical subjectivism)

Answer 6

Ideal observer theory

Question 7

Ideal observer theory is the view that what is right is determined by the attitudes that a hypothetical __________ (a being who is perfectly rational, imaginative, and informed) would have

Answer 7

Ideal observer

Question 8

Implies that moral statements are less significant than most people think they are

Answer 8

Subjectivism

Question 9

Refers to a theory about moral judgments, sentences, words, and speech acts (Feeling based theories)

Answer 9

Emotivism

Question 10

Emotivism is the name of only the earliest version of __________, also known as expressivism and non-descriptivism

Answer 10

Ethical non-cognitivism

Question 11

Emotivism is the name of only the earliest version of ethical non-cognitivism, also known as __________ and __________ (EN)

Answer 11

Expressivism, Non-descriptivism

Question 12

Is used to state facts or what we believe to be facts; it may be used like utterance or command

Answer 12

Language

Question 13

__________ presupposes that moral disagreements are incapable of being resolved by rational discourse

Answer 13

Emotivism

Question 14

How choices are framed can sway your choices in ways that may contradict your core values (Moral decision making development)

Answer 14

Don’t accept the problem as given

Question 15

Issues of right and wrong matter deeply to us, as they should (Moral decision making development)

Answer 15

Listen to both your head and heart

Question 16

How we name things exposes (or masks) the nature of our actions and their consequences (Moral decision making development)

Answer 16

Watch your language

Question 17

Our actions, and ultimately even our values, are influenced by the company we keep (Moral decision making development)

Answer 17

Take special care in dimly lit places

Question 18

Most of us believe that we are more ethical than others (Moral decision making development)

Answer 18

Be modest about your virtue

Question 19

Some lapses may be due to moral failure, but others can be caused by external factors that have little to do with their fundamental nature (Moral decision making development)

Answer 19

Understand why others transgress

Question 20

__________ plays a role in regard to how people are tested and what resources they can draw upon

Answer 20

Luck

Question 21

Honest reflection about the past, coupled with a measure of humility, can serve as foundation for leading a responsible life going forward (Moral decision making development)

Answer 21

Don’t give up on yourself (or on others)

Question 22

Is not merely, or even principally, determining the right thing to do in specific instances, rather it entails who we want to be and what kind of life we want to lead

Answer 22

Morality

Question 23

As __________ notes, “temperance, continence, kindness, friendship, and simply being nice” all comprise being a virtuous person, yet none of these traits are evoke or tested by clever philosophical puzzles

Answer 23

Appiah

Question 24

A process of making choices by identifying a decision, gathering information, and assessing alternative resolutions

Answer 24

Decision making

Question 25

Refers to the ability to make a choice or decide which is the right course of action when an ethical issue arises

Answer 25

Moral decision making

Question 26

It is a conscious mental activity that consists of transforming information about people and their actions in order to reach a moral judgment or decision

Answer 26

Moral reasoning

Question 27

Refers to a natural instinctive state of mind deriving from one’s circumstances, mood, or relationships with others

Answer 27

Emotions/Feelings

Question 28

Refers to the fast, automatic, and affect-laden processes in which an evaluative feeling of good-bad or like-dislike appear in the consciousness

Answer 28

Moral intuition

Question 29

__________ and ___________ are jointly at work and tightly intertwined in decision making (RE)

Answer 29

Reasons, Emotions