Middle Childhood Flashcards
What period does it belong to?
Growth in height and weight becomes slower.
Middle Childhood
Correct the statement, and what period does it belong to?
Girls decrease in height, and boys are more in weight.
Girls increase in height, and boys are more in weight
Middle Childhood
What age do there have a minimal change during the puberty stage?
10-12 years old
What period do the pubertal changes start?
Middle Childhood
T or F
Girls experience menstrual menarche (first menstrual period), and boys notice voice changes in Adolescence.
F- Middle Childhood
At what age does Adam’s apple become more prominent?
14 years old
T or F
During Middle Childhood, children experience fewer stomachaches and can go longer in between meals.
T
During middle childhood, what happens to the children’s heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure?
Heart rate and respiratory decreases while blood pressure increases
Yes or No
Does the organization of CNS during middle childhood is like an adult?
Yes but the frontal lobe is still maturing
What happens to the body proportions during middle childhood?
More increasing in leg length, decreasing head size, waist is relative to the height.
T or F
The Center of gravity lowers as they grow
taller during Adolescence
F- during middle childhood
Middle childhood is often idealized as _______.
Period of rugged good health.
2 critical areas of health promotion in this group during middle childhood are:
Nutrition and Injury Prevention
During middle childhood, if nutrition is not monitored, some children may experience malnourishment, resulting in _____.
Obesity
What is the average intake of kcal/day?
2000 kcal/day
Obesity comes from:
Malnourishment
It remains the leading cause of death between 1-19 years old
Injuries
2 types of injury
Bicycle accidents
Sports injuries
Influences in pre-schoolers
Capricious Influences
School-aged children
Logical internal organization
Consists of mental operation to allow children to do mentally what had to be experienced before that is now actions can be played in their mind and giving them flexibility in solving problems
Concrete operational thinking
Characterized by decreasing centration, reversibility principle of mental sequence, set identity, conservation of physical properties, classification skills and an inability to think abstractly.
Concrete thoughts
It refers to children’s ability to consider two or more pieces of information at one time when solving a problem.
Decreasing Centration
Pouring juice in 2 different size glasses
Decreasing Centration
Concrete thinkers can think through a sequence of actions in their minds and reverse it back to where they started
Reversibility of a sequence
5-2=3, 3+2=5
Roll a ball of clay into a snake and then ball it up again.
Reversibility of a Sequence
A set remains the same even if physical properties are rearranged, and concrete thinkers are not easily fooled by appearance anymore.
Set Identity
10 M&Ms are still 10 even if arranged in 1 or 2 rows
Set identity
1 piece of bread is still 1 piece even if folded or cut up
Set identity
Children can understand that some properties of an object remain the same even if they have acted on that object to alter its appearance
Conservation of Physical Properties
Middle children understand that a ton of feathers is the same as a ton of bricks
Conservation of Weight
Two types of classifications during middle childhood
- Hierarchical classification
- Matrix Classification
It refers to understanding the relationship between subordinate and superordinate classes.
Hierarchical classification
This understanding is the basis for addition and subtraction
Hierarchical classification
It categorizes things along two dimensions simultaneously.
Matrix Classification
This ability is needed to understand multiplication and division in mathematics and sorting cards.
Matrix Classification
Two theories that can explain intelligence and cognitive development
- Theory of Multiple Intelligence ( Howard Gardner’s Theory)
- Sternberg’s Triarchric Model of Intelligence
Good in communication
Linguistic
The right hemisphere of the brain is responsible for this aspect.
Musical
Which people thinks as cast intelligence
Logical-mathematical
The ability to perceive visual words accurately where they are good in puzzles.
Spatial
Control of bodily motions and ability to hand objects competently
Bodily-kinesthetic
It is what distinctive to other
Interpersonal
To understand their own feelings
Intrapersonal
The ability to discriminate among living things and sensitivity to the natural world.
Naturalist
Sternberg’s Triarchic model of intelligence has three distinctive types. What are those?
- Practical
- Creative
- Analytical
It corresponds to analytical intelligence, which helps to solve problems
Components of intelligence
which helps individuals to execute instructions of the meta components
Performance components
Which helps an individual to plan and monitor and evaluate solving problem strategies
Meta-components
Which helps individuals learn how to solve problems in the first place. Decide, execute, and solve problems
Knowledge-acquisition components
It corresponds to creative intelligence and improves the ability to till with novel task and use the information to solve problems
Experience and Intelligence
Which corresponds to practical intelligence. The ability to adapt to virus environments that individuals move through in their culture.
Context of Intelligence
A significant discrepancy between actual behavior and desired behavior.
Problem
Kinds of errors middle children make in solving problems
- Failure to observe and use all relevant facts of the problem
- Failure to use systematic, step-by-step procedures
- Failure to perceive vital relationships in the problem
Characteristics of Good Problem Solvers
- Positive Attitude
- Accuracy
- Learn to take a problem apart
- Learn to guess and jump at answers
One way to solve the problem is the ______ Model
DUPE Model
Attention to detail is important.
Determine
Comprehend the essence of the problem and plan for solution to be accurate
Understand
You must select strategies to be appropriate for the problem. Memory place is an important role.
Plan
It entails to 2 phases: Examine and decide how your solution was?
Evaluate
Kohlberg’s Step of Moral Development
Kohlberg’s step of moral development→
Level 1-preconventional (4-10yrs old)→Stage
1- punishment and obedience→ Stage 2-naïve
instrumental behaviorism→Level 2-
conventional (10-13 years old)→Stage 3-
children seek the approval of others→ Stage
4-law and order mentality→ Level 3-
postconventional (13 years old and
over)→Stage 5- as an individual makes more
moral decisions legalistically or
contractually→ Stage 6- an informed
conscience decides what is right.
It refers to the emergence in children of universal moral standards
Moral Development
Children’s moral progress is a mixture of the following:
- Cognition
- Emotion
- Behavior
At what age do children begin to learn right a wrong from their parents?
Birth to 2-3 years old
At what age do children reflect they’re growing cognitively maturely?
2-6 years old
At what age do children move into middle childhood?
6-12 years old
Who believes that children can be moral at four years old?
Lawrence Kohlberg
He stressed the moral qualities of masculinity.
Galligan
At what age does the typical language accomplishment develop?
6-10 years old
It is the processing that occurs after we
are hear a word and encode its meaning. It causes us to relate the word with another word with similar
meanings.
Semantic Processing
It is seen in a wide variety of words, phrases, and sentences people use to discuss a topic. Right the hemisphere of the brain commands.
Divergent semantic production
It occurs during tasks in a limited number
of responses. During this task, the subject must suppress options to choose the best option. The left hemisphere command it.
Convergent semantic production
At what age does the development of second-person perspective allows children to put themselves in other people’s shoes
Age 10
The ability to read the social situations, and decide how to act accordingly
SOCIAL COGNITION
- Characterized by “subaverage intellectual functioning”
- Learning disabilities are characterized by the discrepancy between the ability
MENTAL RETARDATION
What percentage does a children have serious conduct disorders?
9%
What percentage does a children have ADHD?
4-6%
What percentage do a child and adolescents are clinically depressed?
2% of children and 5% of adolescents
