Mid-term test Flashcards
What is Antony Van Leeuwenhoek famous for?
Microbes using a simple microscope
S-Phase of a cell is when
DNA is replicated
What do Bacteria, Archaea, fungi, plant, protists and animal cells have in common?
A plasma membrane
According to the “RNA world hypothesis” the protocell had which features?
It was surrounded by a lipid bilayer
IT contained ribozymes and RNA
What is a cellular compartment?
An organelle that performs a specific cellular function which is surrounded by a membrane and secreted into the extracellular space
What isn’t found in prokaryotes?
Golgi apparatus
What is FRAP?
Visualises cellular dynamics
what does the plasma membrane contain?
Phospholipids, integral protein, glycoproteins and steroids
A pump in the plasma membrane has what properties?
It uses ATP to transport ions against their conc gradient and it transports ions
Which structures confer resistance against shear forces and thereby strengthen epithelial tissues?
Desmosomes, Hemidesmosomes and tight junctions
Which compounds are part of an intracellular signalling pathway?
Intracellular signaling proteins, receptor proteins and effector proteins
What features do protein kinases have?
They transfer a phosphate group onto proteins, they can be phosphorylated themselves, they oppose the desphosphorylating activity of phosphatases, they control numerous cellular processes and are very abudant in the genome and they can integrate information from several pathways
What is a polysome?
A complex of many ribosomes that simultaneously translate a single mRNA
what is a major advantage of using green fluorescent protein in cell biology?
It allows the observation of protein and organelles in living cells
Describe nuclear lamina of animal cells
It contains nuclear lamina, it helps the cell to organise the nucleus and it disassembles during mitosis
what does the nucleus contain?
Heterochromatin, euchromatin and nucleolus
What is endocytosis
the process of uptake of material into the cell
How do organelles of the endomembrane system communicate with each other?
Transporting vesicles
What does the sER support?
synthesis of lipids
Describe the Golgi apparatus
It consists of membrane sacks
What pH is the interior of a lysosome kept at?
pH 5
What does the endosomal compartment consist of?
early, recycling and late endosomes
What are lipid droplets
fat storage compartments that are generated at the sER
What does fusion of transport vesicles with a target membrane involve?
tethering of the vesicle to factors in the target membrane and docking of the vesicle to the target membrane
What vesicles are released into the extracellular space by fusion of endoscopes with plasma membrane?
Exosomes
Describe actin polymerisation
tightly controlled by cofilin, thymosin and profilin
What cellular tasks does the cytoskeleton have?
It connects all parts of the cell, it supports motility and helps spatial organisation of cell
What roles do microtubule plus end binding proteins have?
control of microtubule dynamics and mediating interactions with the plasma membrane
What function do intermediate filaments have?
Mechanical support to resist forces
Describe dynein
a microtubule minus end directed motor complex
