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Cells > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up prokaryotes?

A

Bacteria and archaea

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2
Q

What are planctomycetes

A

True compartmentalisation
DNA is surrounded by a double lipid bilayer
true bacteria that contain a nuclear envelope

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3
Q

Magnetosomes

A

crystals of an iron mineral which is known as a compass

Present in numerous bacteria

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4
Q

What organises the magneto some chain?

A

MamK

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5
Q

What is MamK

A

Actin like protein that forms filaments in the prokaryote cytoskeleton
Organelle assembly

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6
Q

Name protein filaments in prokaryotes

A

AlfA, ParM, actin and MamK

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7
Q

Describe prokaryotic actin

A

same fold by only identify between MreB and eukaryotic actin, both bind ATP and polymerise

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8
Q

Describe MreB

A

Cell shape, prokaryotes

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9
Q

Describe ParM

A

DNA partitioning, prokaryotes
Plasmid segregation
Binds ATP
Dynamic

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10
Q

Which protein filaments are involved in bacterial morphogenesis?

A

MreB and Mdl1

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11
Q

FtsZ

A

tubules homologue, GTPase activity, formation of protofilaments, similar folds
Cleaving bacteria
Cell separation

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12
Q

Modes of motility

A

swimming, swarming, gliding and twitching

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13
Q

What is swarming?

A

occurs on surfaces

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14
Q

What are flagella?

A

protein assemblies that rotate, motility is driven by a basal motor that uses a protein gradient
switch in direction

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15
Q

What is gliding?

A

Surface attached motility
Various mechanisms that were independently developed
Some cells rotate over secreted adhesion proteins
Secretion based

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16
Q

What is twitching?

A

Pili based
secretion or degradation changes length of the type
Change in length can be used for slow gliding over surfaces
Twitching motility used to form colonies
Extended and retracted

17
Q

Structure of pili

A

Thin polymers on one protein (pilin)

18
Q

What is moving the cells

A

During movement, bacteria form a tail at their rear end, the tail consists of fibres which is f-actin
Bacteria is able to polymerise its G actin into F actin in the tail moving it forward

19
Q

How can we prove that bacteria use the host actin to move in the host cytosol?

A

use G actin and label it with GFP and put it with bacteria in a test tube, if its G actin you should see green tails and movement

20
Q

What mediate motility in bacteria?

A

ActA

21
Q

What is the life cycle of a cytosolic bacterium

A

Engulfment, proliferation and motility

22
Q

Type 3 and type 6 secretion system

A

Injects proteins

23
Q

Type 3 secretion

A

Similar proteins with prokaryotic flagellum
Rings of proteins assemble into a needle, channel
Send effectors through the secretion system into the needs and can control things like the cytoskeleton

Cells (10 decks)

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