Mid-Term Exam Flashcards
Marco Polo
known for his stories of his travels in Asia; one of history’s greatest travelers
Description of the World (Book)
Book about Marco Polo’s adventures (one of his stories he told)
Merchantilism
an economic system designed to enhance the wealth and power of a nation
Amerigo Vespucci
realized that Columbus had discovered a New World; Man who America was named after
Magellan
led the first round the world voyage
Martin Luther
basically started the Protestant Reformation
Protestant Reformation
the movement that pressed for changes in the Roman Catholic Church
Hernando Cortez
first great conquistador
Jamestown
the first permanent English settlement in the New World
John Smith
enforced discipline necessary for survival of Jamestown (those who didn’t work didn’t eat)
Pilgrims
group of Christians who came from England to America on the Mayflower to worship God freely
Puritans
wanted to purify the church
Separatists
wanted to separate from the church
What did the Puritans and the Separatists have in common/how did they differ?
they had similar spiritual goals, but the separatists were Independents who thought that each local congregation should be independent of each other
Mayflower Compact
the document of self-government made when the Pilgrims got off the Mayflower
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
the first written constitution in America
William Pen
founder of Pennsylvania
The Great Wagon Road
travel/trade route on East Coast that connected port cities
Pennsylvania-Dutch
group from Germany
Horn book
board shaped book (like a paddle); child’s first book
New England Primer
served as standard text throughout the colonial period
Charleston, South Carolina
city with the first public library in America
Elizabethan Settlement
Elizabeth I’s church “compromise”
Low Church Anglicans
agreed doctrinally with the Puritans but saw no problem with the church’s ceremonies and structure
High Church Anglicans
held that the church’s traditional practices were divinely ordained
How did the High church Anglicans differ from the High church Anglicans?
more liberal in their beliefs;
less opposed to Catholicism
Half-way covenant
church members who had not owned the covenant but whose lives were outwardly moral could present their children for baptism
Salem Witch Trials
people were accused of being witches; they were tried and many died
Roger Williams
founded Road Island; founded first Baptist Church in America
Quakers
Society of Friends; from Pennsylvania
Bay Psalm Book
first book published in America
The Great Awakening
The first religious revival in America
Jonathan Edwards
the greatest theologian of the great Awakening
Marquette and Joliet
the two people who led the first important French expedition in the New World
The Treaty of Utrecht
ended Queen Anne’s War
The French and Indian War
The Seven Years War
Treaty of Paris
peace treaty that ended the French and Indian War
Guerrilla Warfare
sudden surprise attacks by small, hidden groups
Albany Plan
Benjamin Franklin’s plan for centralized colonial rule
Proclamation Line
forbade the colonists to settle beyond the Appalachian Mountains
Sugar Act
placed a tariff (tax) on certain goods imported into the colonies, such as sugar, molasses, and coffee
Stamp Act
levied the first internal tax ever imposed on the colonies
Internal tax
a tax on goods produced and consumed entirely within the colonies
Quartering Act
officially subjected the colonies to a standing army in peacetime and further required that the colonists help supply provisions for it
Townshend Acts
proposed direct taxes on glass, paint, paper, and tea
Boston Massacre
the first blood when a Redcoat killed a Patriot
Boston Tea Party
the action taken by the colonists when the tea tax was established
Committee of Correspondence
provided information on British threats to liberty to other areas of the colony under the guidance of Samuel Adams
Intolerable Acts
the colonists’s nickname for the Coercive Acts
Patriots
supporters of the constitution
Loyalists
supporters of the Crown
Hessians
German mercenaries
The day that the Declaration of Independence was signed
July 4, 1776
Benedict Arnold
Idk what the answer is. He like gave up some fort or something. If someone knows it could u put it in. Thx🐨
Treaty of Paris (1783)
ends war for independence; the confederation’s greatest triumph in foreign affairs
First Continental Congress
All colonies represented except Georgia; distinguished leaders; declaration of American rights (•colonies must be self-governing; • The right to make a military themselves)
City the British burned/captured during War of 1812
Washington D.C.
T/F: Andrew Jackson was ordered to capture Pensacola, FL.
False
The group of states that threatened to succeed from the union during the war of 1812
New England
T/F: Monroe doctrine was a joint statement.
False
T/F: The Monroe doctrine still affects Americans today.
True
The Indian who assisted Lewis and Clark
Sacajawea
U.S. military ship nicknamed “Old Ironsides”
U.S.S. Constitution
The fort that prevented British from capturing Baltimore
Fort McHenry
The convention that led to the “death” of the Federalist
Hartford Convention
The president during the Era of Good Feelings
Monroe
3rd president
Jefferson
Most influential Chief Justice
John Marshal
The area of land that Napoleon Bonaparte sold to the US
Louisiana Territory
The city that the British captured after the Battle of Bladensburg
Washington D.C
This post-war battle was the most stunning victory
Battle of New Orleans
Wrote the Star Spangled Banner
Francis Scott Key
American General who led the Battle of New Orleans
Andrew Jackson
The area of land the US bought as a result of the Adams-Onis treaty
Florida
The American policy that banned European intervention in the Western Hemisphere
Monroe Doctrine
The first child born in America
Virginia Dare
Regulars
professional full-time soldiers
Commander in Chief of Continental Army
George Washington
T/F: The American Constitution is the oldest constitution
False
The city where the Constitutional Convention met
Philadelphia
Father of the Constitution
James Madison
Bicameral
two house legislature
Unicameral
one house legislature
the first chief justice of the supreme court
John Jay
Confederation
a close alliance of sovereign states
Northwest Territory
all lands north of the Ohio River that passes into the hands of the national government
James Madison
the Father of the Constitution
Virginia Plan
favored by larger states; presented by James Madison; bicameral
New Jersey Plan
favored by smaller states; presented by William Patterson; unicameral
Great Compromise
aka Connecticut Compromise; proposed bicameral, one house based on population, one equal for all states
Three-Fifths Compromise
three-fifths of the total slave population of a state would be included for representation purposes in the House, but slave states would also have to pay taxes on slaves at the same rate
the three branches of government
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
Legislative Branch
branch that makes the laws
Executive Branch
branch that enforces the laws
Judicial Branch
branch that interprets the laws
Electoral College
each state has a number of electors equal to the states representation in congress
Amendment
change to the Constitution
Federalists
supporters of the constitution
Anti-Federalists
those who opposed to the constitution
George Washington
first president
Bill of Rights
the first 10 amendments to the constitution
(1)Federalists
vs.
(2)Republicans
(1) claimed to be the true keepers of the constitutional flame
(2) viewed themselves as the last line of defense between Federalist “tyranny” and American liberty
Daniel Boon
the best known frontiersmen
John Adams
second president
XYZ affair
the French kept attacking American ships; they tried to make an agreement but the French wanted a bribe
Midnight Appointments
when Jefferson stayed up ‘till past midnight to appoint judges of his political party before the next president was inaugurated
Thomas Jefferson
third President
Embargo Act
Forbade trade with Britain and France
Delegated Powers
those powers specifically given to the national government by the Constitution
Implied Powers
“necessary and proper” powers that enabled the government to carry out the delegated powers
Louisiana Purchase
more than doubled the size of the US
Lewis and Clark
two explorers who led an expedition to explore the Louisiana Territory
The Prophet
“predicted” solar eclipse
James Madison
fourth president
Impressment
the right to stop American ships, forcibly remove British deserters, and put them back into service
Non-Intercourse Act
restored some international trade (though not with Britain or France), but offered to trade with them (Britain and France) if either would lift its trade restriction
War Hawks
led by Clay and Calhoun; (ready to go to war)
Old Iron Sides
nickname for US Constitution (boat)
Oliver Hazard Perry
defeated the British fleet in the Battle of Lake Erie
General Andrew Jackson
Hero of War of 1812
Treaty of Ghent
ended War of 1812
James Monroe
fifth president
Era of Good Feelings
the nickname for the two terms of President Montoe
Monroe Doctrine
established:
- European nations could not intervene in the Western Hemisphere (except where they already held colonies)
- The US wouldn’t meddle in European affairs
