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biology > Mid Term - Bio Lab > Flashcards

Mid Term - Bio Lab Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

GIS

A

Geographic Information System

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2
Q

Tree Canopy Area

A

A=πr

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3
Q

Accuracy

A
  • Refers to the closeness of a measured value to a standard or known value
  • (%) error |F-D|/F x 100
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4
Q

Precision

A
  • Refers to the closeness of two or more measurements to each other
  • % difference (measurement-average|/average x 100)
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5
Q

Transcription

A

The process of making RNA from a DNA template.

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6
Q

Translation

A

The process of making protein from an RNA template.

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7
Q

Gene regulation

A

refers to the processes that control the expression of genes.

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8
Q

DNA-binding proteins, called ___, are responsible for interacting with the RNA polymerase enzyme that catalyzes transcription.

A

transcription factors

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9
Q

Transcription factors regulate gene expression by

A

binding to a specific location on the DNA.

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10
Q

The leaf begins from a cluster of cells called the

A

shoot apical meristem, or SAM

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11
Q

stem cells in plants are called

A

meristems

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12
Q

the top and bottom surfaces are made of dermal cells, called

A

pavement cells

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13
Q

guard cells

A

Responsible for opening and closing the pores of the leaf to let water out, while permitting oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out of the plant.

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14
Q

The mesophyll cells develop from the ___ tissue.

A

ground

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15
Q

Happens in animal development but not plant development?

A

cell movement

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16
Q

What does the word “stoma” mean?

A

mouth

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17
Q

The power that drives water up a tall tree as

A

Transpiration

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18
Q

Make stomata impressions using nail polish in order to

A

Monitor how stomata density adapts to changing environments

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19
Q

The ____ is a measure of how much variation there is in your data.

A

standard deviation (SD)

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20
Q

Another name for the leaf blade is the ___.

A

lamina

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21
Q

A leaf is considered to be a(n) __ made of several types of __.

A

organ; tissue

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22
Q

Dissecting microscope

If you are viewing a very thick specimen, you should use ____ light to form an image.

A

Reflected

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23
Q

Compound Microscope

When would you use the coarse adjustment knob?

A

low power and medium power

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24
Q

Compound microscope

What is the total magnification on medium (10x) power?

A

100x

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25
Q 
Compound microscope
Which component(s) are responsible for most of the magnification and resolution of the light microscope?
A

objectives

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26
Q

FOV

A

FOVlow x Maglow = FOVmed/high X Magmed/high

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27
Q

In each cm^2, there are ____ mm^2.

A

100

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28
Q

In each centimeter (cm), there are ___ millimeters (mm).

A

10

29
Q

In each mm^2, there are ____µm^2.

A

1,000,000

30
Q

In each millimeter, there are ___ microns.

A

1,000

31
Q

In most cases, which tissue layer(s) of a leaf contains chloroplasts?

A

mesophyll

32
Q

Accuracy - bow and arrow

A

in the center

33
Q

Precision

A

the arrows are bunched up but not in center

34
Q

Vascular

A

Composed of veins in the plant

  • Xylem
  • phloem
35
Q

Ground

A

Everything in between dermal and vascular storage cells

36
Q

Dermal

A

Covers the plant

  • waxy coating
  • leafy hairs (trichomes)
  • secretory glands
  • epidermis periderm
37
Q

Function of vascular

A

Maintaining the water balance and sugar balance of a plant

- transportation

38
Q

Function of ground

A
  • photosynthesis
  • storage
  • support
  • regeneration
39
Q

Function of dermal

A
  • protection

- prevention of water loss

40
Q

percent error

A

Percent errors tells you how big your errors are when you measure something in an experiment.

41
Q

percent difference

A

Percent difference is practically the same as percent error, only instead of one “true” value and one “experimental” value, you compare two experimental values.

42
Q

What is important to consider when performing DNA barcoding?

A

contamination

43
Q

Morphology

A

The study of the form, structure and configuration of an organism.

44
Q

Taxonomy

A

a branch of science that describes, names, and classifies.

45
Q

What organisms perform photosynthesis

A

plants, some bacteria, some protists

46
Q

photosynthesis equation

A

water + Co2 –> oxygen + sugars

47
Q

Homebox genes

A

These genes are recognized by a conserved sequence found in plants, fungi, protists, and animals. Homeobox genes contain the homeodomain, which is consistently around 180 nucleotide base pairs in length. T

48
Q

Many gene sequences that are involved in gene regulation contain a conserved sequence. This means that

A

the same DNA sequence can be found in a wide variety of organisms.

49
Q

Which of the following do you predict would occur if RCO was over expressed in the margins of Arabidopsis leaves?

A

a compound leaf would form

50
Q

Transcription factors regulate gene expression by

A

binding to a specific location on the DNA.

51
Q

During leaf development, the meristem tissue divides __, producing one daughter cell that is just like the mother and another cell that differentiates into guard cell precursors.

A

Asymmetrically

52
Q

which plants (in general) should have fewer stomata?

A

desert plants

53
Q

standard error of the mean (SE)

A

The SE represents the standard deviation of the means of many trials. If you were performing an experiment by sampling a population over and over, you would report the SE.

54
Q

How to estimate SE

A

SE can be estimated by calculating the standard deviation and dividing by the square root of the sample size.

55
Q

Transcription factor SPEECHLESS

A

responsible for promoting mother cell to the guard cell lineage
basic-helix-loop-helix or bHLH

56
Q

Transcription factor MUTE

A

promotes guard cell development

basic-helix-loop-helix or bHLH

57
Q

Transcription Factor FAMA

A

prevents the guard cells from de-differentiating or forming more than 2 guard cells at a time
basic-helix-loop-helix or bHLH

58
Q

Transcription Factors Scream 1 and 2

A

considered co-transcription factors since both are required.

59
Q

Trees? According to this class

A

a woody plant characterized by a single dominant stem called a trunk

60
Q

metacognition

A

awareness and understanding of one’s own thought processes.

61
Q

Growth vs Fixed Mindset?

A

In a fixed mindset students believe their basic abilities, their intelligence, their talents, are just fixed traits. … In a growth mindset students understand that their talents and abilities can be developed through effort, good teaching and persistence.

62
Q

Planning

A

identifying goals and strategies

63
Q

Monitoring

A

keeping track of your progress toward the goals

64
Q

Evaluating

A

continually assessing the solutions and evaluating your strategies.

65
Q

stomata

A

pores in a leaf
- exchange of gas
- flow of water/water absorption
regulating water movement through transpiration

66
Q

Arapadisis

A
  • usefulness for genetic experiments
  • short generation time
  • small size that limited the requirement for growth facilities
  • seed production through self pollination
67
Q

Compound vs dissecting

A
  • dissecting microscopes are for viewing the surface features of a specimen
  • compound microscopes are designed to look through a specimen.
68
Q

Meristem

A

region of cells capable of division and growth in plants

biology (6 decks)

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