Mid Term - Bio Lab Flashcards
GIS
Geographic Information System
Tree Canopy Area
A=πr
Accuracy
- Refers to the closeness of a measured value to a standard or known value
- (%) error |F-D|/F x 100
Precision
- Refers to the closeness of two or more measurements to each other
- % difference (measurement-average|/average x 100)
Transcription
The process of making RNA from a DNA template.
Translation
The process of making protein from an RNA template.
Gene regulation
refers to the processes that control the expression of genes.
DNA-binding proteins, called ___, are responsible for interacting with the RNA polymerase enzyme that catalyzes transcription.
transcription factors
Transcription factors regulate gene expression by
binding to a specific location on the DNA.
The leaf begins from a cluster of cells called the
shoot apical meristem, or SAM
stem cells in plants are called
meristems
the top and bottom surfaces are made of dermal cells, called
pavement cells
guard cells
Responsible for opening and closing the pores of the leaf to let water out, while permitting oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out of the plant.
The mesophyll cells develop from the ___ tissue.
ground
Happens in animal development but not plant development?
cell movement
What does the word “stoma” mean?
mouth
The power that drives water up a tall tree as
Transpiration
Make stomata impressions using nail polish in order to
Monitor how stomata density adapts to changing environments
The ____ is a measure of how much variation there is in your data.
standard deviation (SD)
Another name for the leaf blade is the ___.
lamina
A leaf is considered to be a(n) __ made of several types of __.
organ; tissue
Dissecting microscope
If you are viewing a very thick specimen, you should use ____ light to form an image.
Reflected
Compound Microscope
When would you use the coarse adjustment knob?
low power and medium power
Compound microscope
What is the total magnification on medium (10x) power?
100x
Compound microscope Which component(s) are responsible for most of the magnification and resolution of the light microscope?
objectives
FOV
FOVlow x Maglow = FOVmed/high X Magmed/high
In each cm^2, there are ____ mm^2.
100
In each centimeter (cm), there are ___ millimeters (mm).
10
In each mm^2, there are ____µm^2.
1,000,000
In each millimeter, there are ___ microns.
1,000
In most cases, which tissue layer(s) of a leaf contains chloroplasts?
mesophyll
Accuracy - bow and arrow
in the center
Precision
the arrows are bunched up but not in center
Vascular
Composed of veins in the plant
- Xylem
- phloem
Ground
Everything in between dermal and vascular storage cells
Dermal
Covers the plant
- waxy coating
- leafy hairs (trichomes)
- secretory glands
- epidermis periderm
Function of vascular
Maintaining the water balance and sugar balance of a plant
- transportation
Function of ground
- photosynthesis
- storage
- support
- regeneration
Function of dermal
- protection
- prevention of water loss
percent error
Percent errors tells you how big your errors are when you measure something in an experiment.
percent difference
Percent difference is practically the same as percent error, only instead of one “true” value and one “experimental” value, you compare two experimental values.
What is important to consider when performing DNA barcoding?
contamination
Morphology
The study of the form, structure and configuration of an organism.
Taxonomy
a branch of science that describes, names, and classifies.
What organisms perform photosynthesis
plants, some bacteria, some protists
photosynthesis equation
water + Co2 –> oxygen + sugars
Homebox genes
These genes are recognized by a conserved sequence found in plants, fungi, protists, and animals. Homeobox genes contain the homeodomain, which is consistently around 180 nucleotide base pairs in length. T
Many gene sequences that are involved in gene regulation contain a conserved sequence. This means that
the same DNA sequence can be found in a wide variety of organisms.
Which of the following do you predict would occur if RCO was over expressed in the margins of Arabidopsis leaves?
a compound leaf would form
Transcription factors regulate gene expression by
binding to a specific location on the DNA.
During leaf development, the meristem tissue divides __, producing one daughter cell that is just like the mother and another cell that differentiates into guard cell precursors.
Asymmetrically
which plants (in general) should have fewer stomata?
desert plants
standard error of the mean (SE)
The SE represents the standard deviation of the means of many trials. If you were performing an experiment by sampling a population over and over, you would report the SE.
How to estimate SE
SE can be estimated by calculating the standard deviation and dividing by the square root of the sample size.
Transcription factor SPEECHLESS
responsible for promoting mother cell to the guard cell lineage
basic-helix-loop-helix or bHLH
Transcription factor MUTE
promotes guard cell development
basic-helix-loop-helix or bHLH
Transcription Factor FAMA
prevents the guard cells from de-differentiating or forming more than 2 guard cells at a time
basic-helix-loop-helix or bHLH
Transcription Factors Scream 1 and 2
considered co-transcription factors since both are required.
Trees? According to this class
a woody plant characterized by a single dominant stem called a trunk
metacognition
awareness and understanding of one’s own thought processes.
Growth vs Fixed Mindset?
In a fixed mindset students believe their basic abilities, their intelligence, their talents, are just fixed traits. … In a growth mindset students understand that their talents and abilities can be developed through effort, good teaching and persistence.
Planning
identifying goals and strategies
Monitoring
keeping track of your progress toward the goals
Evaluating
continually assessing the solutions and evaluating your strategies.
stomata
pores in a leaf
- exchange of gas
- flow of water/water absorption
regulating water movement through transpiration
Arapadisis
- usefulness for genetic experiments
- short generation time
- small size that limited the requirement for growth facilities
- seed production through self pollination
Compound vs dissecting
- dissecting microscopes are for viewing the surface features of a specimen
- compound microscopes are designed to look through a specimen.
Meristem
region of cells capable of division and growth in plants
