Mid Term

Question 1

Operant conditioning

Answer 1

• skinner
• manipulating antecedents and consequences.
• explains the relationship between environmental events and actions.
• learning process in which behaviour is controlled by its consequence.
• modify behaviour through punishment and reinforcement.
• Reinforcement
• Punishment
• extinction
• stimulus control - stimuli that proceed behaviour

Question 2

Establishing operations

Answer 2

• events that affect the value of a stimulus as a reinforcer.
• effect of a reinforcer may be different at a particular time or in different situations.
  Eg dog just ate. Reduces value of treat

Question 3

Reinforcement

Punishment

Stimulus control

Answer 3

Reinforcement - increases likelihood of a behaviour

Punishment - decreases likelihood of a behaviour

Stimulus control - controlling stimuli that precedes a behaviour

Question 4

Escape conditioning

Avoidance conditioning

Answer 4

Escape conditioning

• negative stimulus is removed after the event.
  
  • get away from aversive
    
    • go inside when it’s raining

Avoidance conditioning
- occurs before aversive event has occurred
“No” followed by correction

Question 5

Schedules of reinforcement

• which response will be reinforced and how often

Intermittent vs continuous

Answer 5

Fixed or variable

• Ratio - number of responses
• interval
• duration - how long a behaviour is engaged in

Question 6

Limited hold

Answer 6

Window of time to perform a behaviour

• builds quick responses

Question 7

Establishing operations

Answer 7

Understanding which reinforcers are effective at a particular time and in a particular situation.

• motivation
• deprivation
• Satiation.

Question 8

Reinforcement summary

Answer 8

• reinforcers must be identified and delivered on appropriate schedule
• training is complete when reinforcers have been faded and conditioned reinforcers established.

Question 9

Response cost

Answer 9

Withholding reinforcer for unacceptable performance

Question 10

Stimulus control

Answer 10

Putting behaviour on cue

Antecedents
Behaviour
Consequence

Question 11

Stimulus discrimination

Answer 11

Behaviour is reinforced when a specific stimulus is present

Eg harness in SAR

Question 12

Shaping

Answer 12

Rewarding successive approximations to desired behaviour

Question 13

Classical conditioning

Answer 13

Pavlov

• reflexes, biology
• reflexive behaviours- anxiety, fears, phobias
• a neutral stimulus can become conditioned when paired with an unconditioned stimulus
  
  • unconditioned stimulus - treat
  • unconditioned response - salivation
  • conditioned stimulus- shaking treat box
  • conditioned response - salivation when box is shaken
• habituation - have a less negative reaction to a stimulus after repeated exposure.
• counter conditioning - negatively conditioned stimulus paired with a reinforcer. - counters effects of previous learning aversive
• systematic desensitization
• flooding.