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CBIO3400 > Microtubule Motors > Flashcards

Microtubule Motors Flashcards

1
Q

cilia consist of three parts

A

basal body, transitional zone, and axoneme

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2
Q

type of cells cilia present in

A

non-dividing cells

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3
Q

Typical cilium or flagellum consists of this many MT filament doublets

A

9 MT doublets

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4
Q

cilium or flagellum 9 MT filament doublets refered to as:

A

A and B

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5
Q

Typical cilium or flagellum consists of this many MT filament singlets in center

A

2 singlets in center

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6
Q

Doublets are connected to central pair by:

A

radial spokes

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7
Q

Doublets are connected to each other by:

A

Nexin

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8
Q

type of cilia are not motile and lack central pair (9+0)

A

primary cilia

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9
Q

have same structure as centrioles and are interchangeable

A

basal bodies

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10
Q

basal body consist of 9 groups of:

A

9 groups of fused triplet MTs (arranged in cartwheel)

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11
Q

this ring in the basal body’s fused triplet MTs makes complete ring

A

A (B and C incomplete rings)

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12
Q

many single cell organisms use cilia and flagella for:

A

motility

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13
Q

type types of cilia

A

motile and non-motile

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14
Q

every non-dividing cell has a cilium in:

A

vertebrates

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15
Q

function of immotile (primary) cilia

A

sense extracellular signlaing molecules

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16
Q

beating cilia generate:

A

fluid flow

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17
Q

beating cilia generate fluid flow that assists in: (2)

A

tubule development and organ function

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18
Q

part of immotile cilia highly dynamic and undergoes continual turnover

A

outer segment

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19
Q

main sensory cell

A

OSN

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20
Q

OSN is main sensory cell that contains components of

A

olfactory signaling cascade

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21
Q

main sensory cell that contains components of olfactory signaling cascade

A

Olfactory Sensory Neuron (OSN)

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22
Q

part of OSN that is directly exposed to odors in nasal cavity

A

dendritic knob

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23
Q

project from basal body (BB) into mucous of Olfactory Epithelium

A

Olfactory cilia

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24
Q

olfactory support cells that have microvilli

A

sustentacular cells (SC)

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25
Q

play role in maintaining water balance and regulating mucous ion content in olfactory

A

SC (sustentacular cells)

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26
Q

stemm cells that replenish OSN and SC populations

A

basal cells (BC)

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27
Q

each OSN expresses:

A

one type of odorant receptor

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28
Q

All OSNs with same receptor make connections to neurons in same region of:

A

Olfactory Bulb (where odor processed)

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29
Q

odorants bind receptor located in PM of:

A

cilia (on OSN)

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30
Q

activated olfactory receptor stimulates:

A

Gaolf

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31
Q

mechanism of smell: Gaolf activates:

A

AC III

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32
Q

mechanism of smell: increased cAMP triggers opening of:

A

cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) Ca2+ channel

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33
Q

mechanism of smell: Ca2+ binds:

A

calcium-gated Cl- channel

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34
Q

mechanism of smell: these two processes trigger depolarization

A

Cl- efflux and Ca2+ influx

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35
Q

mechanism of smell: action potential triggers release of:

A

neurotransmitter

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36
Q

type of transport goes from cell body to synapse,

A

anterograde transport

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37
Q

type of transport goes from synapse to cell body

A

retrograde transport

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38
Q

type of transport associated with axonal growth and delivery of synaptic vesicles

A

anterograde transport

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39
Q

type of transport associated with bringing “old” membranes from synapse to cell body, where degraded in lysosomes

A

retrograde transport

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40
Q

these extend from dorsal horn of spinal chord into the limbs

A

Dorsal-root ganglia

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41
Q

axonal transports this the fastest

A

vesicles

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42
Q

axonal transport of this the slowest

A

tubulin

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43
Q

3 steps for purifying motor protein

A
  1. add cytoplasmic extract and organelles to MTs in AMPNP
  2. precipitate MTs
  3. replace AMPNP with ADP
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44
Q

a non-hydrolyzable analogue of ATP

A

AMPNP

45
Q

dimer of two heavy chains and a light chain first MT motor protein identified

A

Kinesin-1

46
Q

Kinesin-1 part binds MTs and ATP; responsible for motor activity

A

globular head domain

47
Q

Kinesin-1 part responsible for forward motility

A

linker region

48
Q

Kinesin-1 part binds receptors on membrane of cargo vesicles

A

stalk domain

49
Q

Kinesin mediates this type of axonal transport

A

anterograde axonal transport (toward + end)

50
Q

all kinesin molecules + end directed except: (2)

A

Kinesin-14 and Kinesin-13

51
Q

type of kinesin functions in mitosis

A

Kinesin-14 (moves toward - end)

52
Q

type of Kinases destabilizes MTs

A

Kinesin-13

53
Q

Kinesin-13 requires this for them to dissociate from tubulin dimers

A

ATP hydrolysis

54
Q

mutant in kinesin type heavy chain leads to distal paralysis

A

Kinesin-1

55
Q

reason Kinesin-1 mutant causes distal paralysis

A

neurons cannot communicate with muscles

56
Q

progressive autosomal dominant disorder observed in kinesin heavy chain mutant heterozygotes

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Peripheral neuropathy

57
Q

kinesin head binds to this part of protofilament

A

beta-tubulin subunit

58
Q

kinesin mechanism: causes linker region to point forward and dock in head

A

leading head binds ATP

59
Q

kinesin mechanism: conformational change in leading head causes:

A

trailing head-ADP thrown forward

60
Q

kinesin mechanism: new leading head finds:

A

MT binding site

61
Q

kinesin mechanism: causes new leading head to bind tighter to MT

A

ATP exchange

62
Q

kinesin mechanism: induces new trailing head to hydrolyze ATP to ADP

A

leading head exchange ADP for ATP

63
Q

kinesin mechanism: causes new trailing head to weakly associate with MT

A

trailing head release Pi

64
Q

Kinesis motor type

A

processive motor (like Myosin V)

65
Q

similarity between Kinesin and Myosin

A

overall structure

66
Q

cytoplasmic - end directed motors

A

dyneins

67
Q

draw structure of dynein

A
68
Q

part of dynein plays critical role in ATP-dependent motor activity

A

linker

69
Q

before power stroke in dynein, tail attached to:

after:

A

1st and 3rd AAA repeat –> 1st and 5th

70
Q

causes dynein power stroke

A

ATP hydrolysis

71
Q

motor protein binds tightly to MT

A

Kinesin-ATP

72
Q

motor protein releases from actin

A

Myosin-ATP

73
Q

motor protein has low affinity for MT

A

Dynein-ATP

74
Q

Kinesin power stroke is generated by:

A

exchange of ADP for ATP

75
Q

motor protein coordinated in ATP hydrolysis and MT binding

A

Kinesin (heads)

76
Q

motor protein not coordinated in ATP hydrolysis and MT binding

A

Myosin (heads)

77
Q

motor protein travels at 14um/s

A

Dynein

78
Q

motor protein moves 2-3um/s

A

kinesins

79
Q

motor protein moves 60um/s

A

Myosin

80
Q

motor protein does not interact directly with organelles

A

dynein

81
Q

links dynein to cargo and regulates activity

A

dynactin

82
Q

draw structure of dynactin

A

Arp1 filament, CapZ, p150glued, dynamitin, microtubule binding, cargo binding, dynein binding

83
Q

connects Dynein Intermediate and Light Chains to Lis1 protein

A

NudE

84
Q

protein interacts with AAA ATPase domain, to lengthen power stroke

A

Lis1

85
Q

Increases processivity of dynein

A

Lis1

86
Q

caused by Autosomal Dominant mutations in Lis1

A

Miller-Dieker lissencephaly (smooth brain)

87
Q

Miller-Dieker lissencephaly (smooth brain) caused by defects in: (2)

A

neuronal mitosis and migration of neurons to outer suface of cerebral cortex

88
Q

these contain melanin pigment in organelles

A

melanophores

89
Q

melanophores contain melanin pigment in organelles called:

A

melanosomes

90
Q

melanosomes are bound to: (3)

A

Dynein, Myosin V, and Kinesin

91
Q

melanosomes are controlled by level of:

A

cAMP

92
Q

this disperses melanosomes at high cAMP

A

Kinesin-2

93
Q

relative concentration of cAMP when skin darkens

A

high cAMP

94
Q

relative concentration of cAMP when skin lightens

A

low cAMP

95
Q

this aggregates melanosomes at low cAMP

A

dynein

96
Q

flagella power stroke begins at:

A

base (then propagates along flagellum length

97
Q

structure of axonemal dyneins

A

heterodimers (or trimers) with 2 (or 3) heads

98
Q

axonemal dynein stem (tail) binds:

A

A filament

99
Q

axonemal dynein globular heads have binding site for:

A

B filament

100
Q

ATP causes axonemal dynein on A filament to:

A

walk down MTs on B filament

101
Q

Axonemal Dynein motor protein is directed toward this end of MTs

A
  • end
102
Q

MTs in these structures treadmill at slow rate

A

cilia and flagella

103
Q

particles contain Kinesin-2 and transport in anterograde direction to tip (+ end)

A

IFT B

104
Q

particles contain cytoplasmic dynein and transport material to base (- end)

A

IFT A

105
Q

Cilia function is disrupted by mutations in genes encoding:

A

IFT proteins

106
Q

diseases that disrupt cilia function called:

A

ciliopathies

107
Q

2 cilia diseases

A

Kartagener’s syndrome and Polycystic Kidney Disease

108
Q

disease causes retinal degeneration, lack of odor sensation, male sterility, and resperatory infections

A

Kartagener’s syndrome

109
Q

autosomal dominant disease causes growth of cysts in kidneys

A

polycystic kidney disease

CBIO3400 (8 decks)

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