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CBIO3400 > Meiosis > Flashcards

Meiosis Flashcards

76
Q

cells can be fused in vitro by adding:

A

ethylene glycol

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77
Q

diffusable factor in M-phase cells can induce G1 phase cell to enter M-phase

A

MPF

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78
Q

diffusible factor responsible for initiating S-phase

A

SPF

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79
Q

diffusable S-phase factor (SPF) does not act on:

A

G2 phase

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80
Q

xenopus females lay eggs when injected with:

A

hCG

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81
Q

oocytes are arrested this in cell phase

A

G2

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82
Q

meiosis induced in oocyte arrested in G2 by:

A

steroid hormone (progesterone)

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83
Q

egg arrested in this phase after progesterone previously added

A

Meiosis II

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84
Q

egg arrests in metaphase of Meiosis II until:

A

fertilization

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85
Q

fertilization induces completion of: (3)

A

meiosis, pronuclear fusion, mitotic cleavage

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86
Q

orientation of kinetochores during Mesiosis I

A

co-orientation

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87
Q

2 phases not part of Meiosis II

A

interphase and prophase

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88
Q

during oogenesis, this is discarded and becomes 1st polar body

A

2n daughter cell

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89
Q

during oogenesis, this is discarded and becomes 2nd polar body

A

1n

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90
Q

chromosome recombination happens in:

A

meiosis I

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91
Q

cytoplasm from oocytes arrested in this phase induces oocytes arrested in G2 to enter meiosis

A

meiosis II

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92
Q

promotes entry into the cell cycle

A

Maturation Promoting Factor (MPF)

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93
Q

test MPF level of cell phase by:

A

removing cytoplasm (at different stages) and inject into G2 oocyte (arrested)

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94
Q

hormone induces MPF activity

A

progesterone

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95
Q

MPF levels high during these parts of cell cycle

A

Meiosis I, Meiosis II metaphase arrest, 1st embryonic mitosis, 2nd embryonic mitosis

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96
Q

chemical blocks: (2)

A

MPF activity and translation

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97
Q

MPF activity is independent of: (2)

A

nucleus and transcription

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98
Q

location components required for cell cycle progression stored

A

cytoplasm

99
Q

levels of this protein crash right before cleavage

A

Cyclin B

100
Q

activity of this rises/falls in synchrony with cyclin B concentration

A

MPF

101
Q

rise of MPF is necessary to:

A

enter mitosis

102
Q

fall of MPF activity and exit from mitosis depend on:

A

degredation of Cyclin B

103
Q

organism type does not divide evenly

A

budding yeast

104
Q

way to assay mutants in genes controlling cell cycle (which typically cannot be recovered)

A

conditional loss-of-function mutation

105
Q

mutant prevents entry into mitosis

A

cdc2

106
Q

cdc2 mutant is characterized by:

A

larger than normal cells

107
Q

type of cdc2 mutation produces very small cells

A

dominant cdc2

108
Q

mutant arrests in G1 phase wihtout entering S-phase

A

cdc28 mutant

109
Q

cdc28 is a condidate for:

A

SPF

110
Q

cdc2 acts in these transitions

A

G2 to M and G1 to S

111
Q

cdc2 cell cycle transition more sensitive to changes in MPF

A

C2 to M

112
Q

cdc28 acts in these transitions

A

G2 to M and G1 to S

113
Q

cdc28 cell cycle more sensitive to changes in SPF

A

G1 to S

114
Q

technique used to assay yeast genomic library

A

functional complementation

115
Q

cdc2 and cdc28 encode small proteins with kinase activity

A

Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDK)

116
Q

CDK protein regulated by:

A

cyclin

117
Q

part of cyclin blocks access of protein substrates to g-phosphate of ATP in free CDK

A

T-loop

118
Q

this induces conformational change that pulls T-loop of cyclin from actin site

A

Cyclin A binding

119
Q

point in late G1 phase when cell becomes irrevocably commited to entering cell cycle

A

START

120
Q

inactive cdc28 mutants after START arrest in:

A

G1

121
Q

cdc mutants cannot pass:

A

START

122
Q

CLN1, CLN2, and CLN3 drive this cell cycle transition

A

G1 to S

123
Q

overexpression of CLN1, CLN2, or CLN3 decreases:

A

number of cells in G1 (cells go through G1 quicker)

124
Q

technique sorts cells based on DNA content

A

flow cytometry

125
Q

flow cytometry: amount of fluorescence proportional to:

A

amount of DNA in cell

126
Q

two general sypes of cyclins in vertebrates

A

G1 type and B-type cyclins

127
Q

cyclin acts in G1

A

G1 cyclin

128
Q

B-type cyclins act in these parts of cell cycle

A

S, G2, and M

129
Q

G1 type cyclins act in Mid-G1

A

CLN3 and Cyclin D

130
Q

G1 type cyclins act in late G1

A

CLN1, CLN2, and Cyclin E

131
Q

general types of cyclins contain conserved destruction box for degradation by APC/C

A

B-type cyclins

132
Q

specific types of B-type cyclins

A

Cyclin A and Cyclin B

CBIO3400 (8 decks)

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