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Micro Lecture Unit 1 > Microscopy > Flashcards

Microscopy Flashcards

1
Q

What is a millimeter?

A

1 thousandth of a meter (1m / 1,000)
10 to the 3rd power meter
denoted by mm

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2
Q

What is a micrometer?

A

1 millionth of a meter (1m / 1,000,000)
10 to the 6th power meter
denoted by µm

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3
Q

What is a nanometer?

A

1 billionth of a meter (1m / 1,000,000,000)
10 to the 9th power meter
denoted by nm

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4
Q

What is 1 meter equivalent to in millimeters?

A

1m = 1,000mm

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5
Q

What is 1 meter equivalent to in micrometers?

A

1m = 1,000,000µm

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6
Q

What is 1 meter equivalent to in nanometers?

A

1m = 1,000,000,000nm

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7
Q

What is 1mm equivalent to in µm?

A

1mm = 1,000µm

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8
Q

What is 1mm equivalent to in nm?

A

1mm = 1,000,000nm

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9
Q

What is 1µm equivalent to in nm?

A

1µm = 1,000nm

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10
Q

What size are Bacteria?

A

Bacteria are about 1µm or smaller
1 millionth of a meter
10 to the 6th power meter

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11
Q

What size are viruses?

A

Viruses are about 1nm
1 billionth of a meter
10 to the 9th power meter

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12
Q

How many Viruses could fit into one Bacterium?

A

1,000 Viruses could fit into 1 Bacterium

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13
Q

What are the two commonly used types of microscopes?

A

Simple and Compound

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14
Q

How many lenses does each microscope have?

A

Simple has one (ocular).

Compound has one or more (ocular plus objective).

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15
Q

Give an example of a compound microscope.

A

Brightfield

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16
Q

What are the different types of compound microscopes?

A

Light microscope and Electron microscope

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17
Q

What type of microscope is used to look at large objects?

A

Dissecting microscope

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18
Q

When is a brightfield microscope used?

A
  • It is used for looking at live organisms with no stain.

- It can also be used for stained tissues.

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19
Q

When is darkfield illumination needed?

A
  • It is used for live organisms with no stain.

- It is also used to look at fluorescent organisms.

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20
Q

What is Phase Contrast Microscopy used for?

A

Used for seeing organelles in live organisms, 2D.

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21
Q

What is Differential Interference Contrast used for?

A

Used for seeing organelles in live organisms in three dimensions.

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22
Q

Describe Fluorescence Microscopy.

A

Cells are stained with fluorescent dyes (called fluorochromes). UV Light is shined on the specimen. Fluorescent substances absorb UV light and emit visible light.

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23
Q

What is difference between regular microscopes and Transmission Electron Microscopes?

A

Transmission Electron Microscopes have a much higher resolution than regular microscopes.

24
Q

Are cells live or dead with a Transmission Electron Microscope?

A

You can only view dead cells under the transmission electron microscope.

25
Q

What is the difference between a Scanning Electron Microscope and a transmission electron microscope?

A

Scanning Electron Microscope has a very high resolution like a transmission electron microscope except it makes images in three dimensions.

26
Q

What happens in a Scanning Probe Microscope and how does it affect the color?

A

Scanning Probe Microscope passes a scan over the specimen, line by line. The surface dimensions are recorded and sent to a computer, which shows the image in false color.

27
Q

Brightfield microscopy: Are cells live or dead?

A

Cells are either live and unstained or dead and stained.

28
Q

Brightfield microscopy: Are cells stained?

A

Stain is used.

29
Q

Brightfield microscopy: How does the object and background appear?

A

Dark objects are visible against a bright background.

30
Q

Darkfield microscopy: Are cells live or dead?

31
Q

Darkfield microscopy: Are cells stained?

A

No stain is used.

32
Q

Darkfield microscopy: How does the object and background appear?

A

Light objects are visible against dark background.

33
Q

Darkfield microscopy: What cell structure can be seen?

A

Can see cilia and flagella (signs of motility).

34
Q

Phase-Contrast: Are cells live or dead?

35
Q

Phase-Contrast: Are cells stained?

A

No stain is used.

36
Q

Phase-Contrast: Are images three-dimensional?

A

Not three-dimensional.

37
Q

Phase-Contrast: What cell structures can be seen?

A

Can see cilia and flagella (signs of motility) more clearly than darkfield.

38
Q

DIFFERENTIAL INTERFERENCE CONTRAST: Are cells live or dead?

39
Q

DIFFERENTIAL INTERFERENCE CONTRAST: Are cells stained?

A

No stain is used.

40
Q

DIFFERENTIAL INTERFERENCE CONTRAST: Are images three-dimensional?

A

Shows three-dimensions.

41
Q

DIFFERENTIAL INTERFERENCE CONTRAST: What cell structures can be seen?

A

Can see cilia and flagella (signs of motility) more clearly than darkfield or phase contrast.

42
Q

DIFFERENTIAL INTERFERENCE CONTRAST: How is resolution?

A

Best resolution for live cells.

43
Q

FLUORESCENCE: Are cells live or dead?

44
Q

FLUORESCENCE: Are cells stained?

A

Stain is fluorescent dye- creates visible light

45
Q

FLUORESCENCE: When is this used?

A

Quick dx of TB & Syphilis

46
Q

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON: Are cells live or dead?

47
Q

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON: Are cells stained?

A

Stain with heavy metal salts is used.

48
Q

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON: Are images three-dimensional?

A

Images are not three-dimensional.

49
Q

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON: What cell structures can be seen?

A

Can see organelles in cells.

50
Q

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON: How is resolution?

A

Best resolution of all microscopes.

51
Q

SCANNING ELECTRON: Are cells live or dead?

52
Q

SCANNING ELECTRON: Are images three-dimensional?

A

Images are three-dimensional.

53
Q

SCANNING ELECTRON: What structures can be seen?

A

Surface view only.

54
Q

SCANNING PROBE: Describe how it works.

A

Specimen is scanned, image is sent to computer.

55
Q

SCANNING PROBE: What are 2 drawbacks?

A

Slower in acquiring images.

Max image size is smaller.

Micro Lecture Unit 1 (6 decks)

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