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MYCOLOGY > MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF FUNGI > Flashcards

MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF FUNGI Flashcards

1
Q

 It is used to observe clinical specimens for the presence of
fungal elements or to identify the fungus following cultur

A

Microscopy

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2
Q

What is the stain of choice that we use in microscopy?

A

LACTOPHENOL
COTTON BLUE

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3
Q

It is a simple cover slipped preparation
and mostly good for yeast usually or commonly used
procedure that we performed

A

Wet preparation/ Wet mount

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4
Q

What objective is a wet mount observed?

A

LPO

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5
Q

This dissolves keratin

A

KOH

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6
Q

This dissolves keratin

A

KOH

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7
Q

What prevents thr crystalization?

A

Glycerol

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8
Q

spores are seen outside the hair

A

Ectothrix

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9
Q

spores are inside the hair

A

Endothrix

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10
Q

Gives more rapid maceration and clearing than KOH
however, preparations does not last because specimen
dissolve
. Not for hair or thin scales of skin
. Specimen may dissolve

A

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)

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11
Q

This is a fluorescent dye, which binds selectively to chitin of
the fungal cell wall. The specimen then can be observed
under fluorescent microscope.

A

Calcofluor white

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12
Q

This is used for encapsulated yeasts

A

India Ink/ nigrosin

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13
Q

This is used for rapid staining of blood and bone marrow fungi. And is used for histoplasma capsulatum.

A

Wright’s Giemsa

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14
Q
  • Pink to pinkish blue
  • Useful for staining tissue sections
  • Common stain for tissue processing
A

H & E (HEMTOXYLIN AND EOSIN)

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15
Q
  • It will stain the polysaccharide in the cell wall of the
    fungi
  • For the demonstration of glycogen
    and neutral mucins.
  • Red/ purple against green
A

Periodic Acid Schiff

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16
Q

What is the color of PAS positive material, Nuclei, PAS digest material?

A
  • PAS positive material: MAGENTA
  • Nuclei: BLUE
  • PAS digest material: COLORLESS
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17
Q

What is the mechanism of PAS?

A

Certain tissue elements are oxidized by PAS

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18
Q
  • For tissue section
  • Black with lavender-gray areas
    because of silver precipitate
    deposits
A

METHENAMINE SILVER (MS)

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19
Q

What is the mechanism of methenamine silver?

A

Chromic acid treated fungi possess aldehydes which will reduce the
hexamine-silver mixture to produce a black deposit.

20
Q

What originally contains meyer’s mucicarmine?

A

Aluminum hydroxide

21
Q

Gives more consistent results for the
detection of Cryptococcus neoformans

A

MEYER’S MUCICARMINE (MM)

22
Q

What is the color of MEYER’S MUCICARMINE (MM) under the microscope?

A

An evident rose to red with nucleus

23
Q

May be used to detect fungal antigen
in clinical material such a pus, blood,
CSF, tissue impression smears and in
paraffin sections of formalin fixed
tissue.

A

FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY STAINING

24
Q

Enumerate the method under wet preparation used in microscopic study of fungi

A

KOH
DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE (DMSO)

CALCOFLUOR WHITE
INDIA INK/ NIGROSIN
WRIGHT’S GIEMSA

25
Q

Enumerate the special stains used

A

H & E (HEMTOXYLIN AND EOSIN)
PERIODIC ACID SCHIFF (PAS)
METHENAMINE SILVER (MS)
MEYER’S MUCICARMINE (MM)
FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY STAINING

26
Q

This is the most common stain used for microscopy of fungi

A

Lactophenol Cotton Blue

27
Q

Describe lactic acid, phenol and cotton blue.

A
  • Lactic acid: fixative
  • Phenol: fungicide
  • Cotton Blue: stain
28
Q

Enumerate the stains we used in examination of results

A

LACTOPHENOL COTTON BLUE (LPCB)
POLYVINYL ALCOHOL (PVA-CB)

29
Q
  • Very common and rapid method
  • Disadvantage: Distorts colonial morphology
A

Tease mount

30
Q

 Substitute for tease mount
 Morphology is preserved
 Cannot be preserved for long periods
 The tape isn’t sterile
 May cause widespread dispersion of conidia since
the procedure is somewhat messy

A

Cellulose tape swab

31
Q

What would cellulose tape swab cause to widespread since it is messy?

A

Conidia

32
Q

 Needs tease-mount first (get small amount of
sample from the culture)
 Usually perform or done when negative to conidia
 The macroscopic characteristics are observed
 Used for fungi with “delicate linkages”
 Between conidium and conidiophore

A

MICROSLIDE/ AGAR BLOCK

33
Q

What is the characteristic of fungi if used in MICROSLIDE/ AGAR BLOCK?

A

Delicate linkages

34
Q

MICROSLIDE/ AGAR BLOCK is usually performed if the conidia is?

A

Negative

35
Q

 More preferred than the media since it is lesser chance that
the spores will be release in the environment
 Less chance for dehydration
and it is easier to store also

A

Germ test tube

36
Q

What is the characteristic of germ test tube?

A

Germ tube is a short outgrowth, non-septate germinating
hypha.

37
Q

From what microorganism is yeast differentiated to using the germ test tube?

A

C. Albicans

38
Q

 An initial filamentous outgrowth from a conidia or spore
 An asexual reproductive structure

A

Germ tube

39
Q

Enumerate the preparation of microscopic examination

A

Tease mount
Cellulose tape swab
Microslide agar/ block
Germ test tube
Germ tube

40
Q

How many drops of formaldehyde are absorbed by cotton then placed in a tube?

A

10 drops

41
Q

In sealing with parafilm, how long is the interval of culture?

A

6-12 months

42
Q

How long is the interval of mineral oil?

A

24

43
Q

How long is the interval of freezing?

A

@ –20°C to –70°C - 1 to 2 years interval

44
Q

In preserving using sterile water, how many mL of distilled water in culture?

A

2mL

45
Q

Monoclonal antibody labeled with
fluorescent dyes can be used to detect several fungi in the
clinical specimens. It is the most commonly used

A

Immunofluorescence

46
Q

Detection of anti-fungal antibody is helpful in diagnosis of
sub-cutaneous and systemic mycoses, prognosis and
response to anti-fungal drugs

A

Serology

47
Q

Enumerate the different serologic techniques

A
  1. Agglutination
  2. Immunodiffusion
  3. Counter-immunoelectrophoresis
  4. Complement fixation test
  5. Immunofluorescence
  6. RIA (Radioimmunoassay)
  7. ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)

MYCOLOGY (22 decks)

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