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MYCOLOGY > INTRODUCTION TO VIROLOGY II > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION TO VIROLOGY II Flashcards

1
Q

This refers to a very small, acellular infectious agents.

A

Viruses

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2
Q

These are complete virus particles outside of the cell.

A

Virions

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3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Viruses can infect certain organisms only.

A

False.
“All”

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4
Q

Viruses are referred to as ________ when outside a host cell.

A

Virions

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5
Q

This is virus-like because it is without a capsid and envelope therefore it is without the protein coat.

A

Viroid

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6
Q

What is the characteristics of Viroid?

A

No Capsid
No envelope
Circular DNA

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7
Q

What do Viroid infects?

A

Only cells

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8
Q

It is a single-stranded RNA called the viroid-like particles that requires help of other viruses so that it can establish an infection.

A

Virusoids

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9
Q

It is a passenger in virus capsids

A

Virusoids

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10
Q

What type of RNA do virusoids have? What it is called?

A

Single stranded RNA
Viroid-like particle

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11
Q

It is believed to consists of a single type of protein molecule without Nucleic acid content.

A

Prions

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12
Q

The single type of protein molecule of Prions is without?

A

Nucleic Acid content

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13
Q

Viruses depends on ___________, __________ and _________________ of the host cell for protein and nucleic acid production.

A

Ribosomes
Enzymes
Metabolites

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14
Q

This is the nucleic acid of the virus and this can be RNA or DNA.

A

Genome

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15
Q

Single -stranded: _____________
Stranded: ______________

A

Positive
Negative

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16
Q

This is a coat of protein arranged in one of several possible morphologies, that encloses and protects the genome.

A

Capsid

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17
Q

How does Capsid participates in infection?

A

By sharing antigenicity

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18
Q

Viruses can be classified as?

A

Icosahedral and Helical

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19
Q

This is described as cubical with 20 flat sides.

A

Icosahedral

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20
Q

This is described as a spiral form of the capsid.

A

Helical

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21
Q

This is the sub-unit of capsid

A

Capsomere

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22
Q

This is a lipid containing membrane that surrounds some viral particles.

A

Envelope

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23
Q

What does the envelope of the virus requires?

A

Attachment and the budding process of the virus.

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24
Q

What are the purpose of envelope?

A

Antigenicity
Infectivity
Resistance

25
Q

What do you call a virus that does not contain an envelope?

A

Naked virus

26
Q

What is present in the NUCLEOCAPSIS (NAKED VIRUS)?

A

DNA or RNA
Structural proteins
Enzymes and nucleic acid binding proteins

27
Q

What are present in the envelope virus?

A

Nucleocapsid
Viral specific glycoproteins
Host membrane

28
Q

It is a glycoprotein that functions as attachment or as an enzyme

A

Spikes

29
Q

For DNA, all are double-stranded except for?

A

Parvoviridae

30
Q

For RNA, all are single stranded except for?

A

Reoviridae

31
Q

Viruses are classified according to type of genetic material, what are these classification?

A

RNA
DNA

32
Q

Viruses are classified according to type of CAPSID, what are these classification?

A

Helical
Polyhedral

33
Q

This classification is mostly spherical in shape, RNa viruses only

A

Helical

34
Q

This classification, can be DNA or RNA viruses. One example of this is Icosahedral

A

Polyhedral

35
Q

Enumerate the 6 steps of viral multiplication

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Penetration
  3. Uncoating
  4. Biosynthesis
  5. Assembly
  6. Release
36
Q

Attachment is otherwise known as?

A

Adsorption

37
Q

During the attachment phase where does the virus attach itself in the human body?

A

In the specific receptors of the host cell.

38
Q

Adsorption is _________ and ________.

A

Generally temperature
Energy dependent

39
Q

In the penetration process, what does the virus penetrates?

A

The host cell

40
Q

It is the engulfment of the host cell by the virus after penetrating it.

A

Endocytosis

41
Q

The penetration process is energy-dependent and it can occur through three different mechanisms, what are these?

A

Translocation of the plasma membrane
Pinocytosis (cell-drinking)
Fusion of the plasma membrane

42
Q

This phase is where the viral nucleic acid escapes from the capsid and is released inside the host cell for replication.

A

Uncoating

43
Q

Biosynthesis is otherwise known as?

A

Macromolecular synthesis

44
Q

This phase involves the production of nucleic acids and protein polymers. The host cell replicates the viral nucleic acids .

A

Biosynthesis

45
Q

What replicates the RNA that enters the nucleus?

A

RNA polymerase

46
Q

This is a phase which the proteins, genomes and enzymes come together to form complete virions.

A

Assembly

47
Q

This phase is where the virions are assembled and released from the host cell either by lysis, or budding.

A

Release

48
Q

This causes rapid cell death.

A

Lysis

49
Q

This is where the viral envelopes are acquired from the host cell membrane without resulting in immediate cell death.

A

Budding

50
Q

How does our body defend ourselves from the virus?Ana

A

Non-specific defenses
Specific defenses

51
Q

What are the non specific defenses prior to infection?

A

Anatomical barriers
Viral inhibitors
Phagocytosis

52
Q

What are the non specific defenses after infection?

A

fever
Inflammatory processes
Release of interferons

53
Q

What produces interferons?

A

Infected cells

54
Q

What does the release of interferons activates?

A

RNA endonuclease causing mRNA degradation

Phosphorylation of elF2

55
Q

This turns off cellular protein synthesis.

A

Phosphorylation of elF2

56
Q

This is a eukaryotic initiation factor required for most forms of eukaryotic translation initiation.

A

elF2

57
Q

What are the specific host defenses?

A

Antiviral antibody

58
Q

This is a natural response of the body to neutralize viruses and prevent adsorption to target cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, which recognize virally-infected cells and destroy them, reducing viral production.

A

Antiviral antibody

MYCOLOGY (22 decks)

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