Microscopic Anatomy 4L Flashcards
Three blood cell types (two major)
1 Erythrocytes
2 Leukocytes
3 Thrombocytes
ordsMajor plasma protien
Albumin
Normal Hematocrit for Females
41%
Normal Hematocrit for Males
45%
The middle layer of white blood cells that constitutes about 1% of blood volume is the _____
Buffy coat
The erythrocyte membrane structure is composed of ___, ___ and ____
spectrin
actin
protien 4.1
Leukocytes leave blood vessels by a process of _____
Diapedesis
Red blood cells recently released from bone marrow are called ______, and make up about 1% of RBC
Reticulocytes
Relative Frequency:
Neutrophiles
60-70%
Relative Frequency:
Eosinophiles
2-4%
Relative Frequency:
Basophiles
0-1%
Relative Frequency:
lymphocytes
20-30%
Relative Frequency:
monocytes
3-8%
These blood cells secrete lactoferrin, an iron binding protien
Neutrophiles
These blood cells have small granules that make the cytoplasm salmon pink and large azurophilic granules
Neutrophiles
These blood cells have bilobed nuclei
Eosinophiles
These blood cells function to kill parasites that invade tissue (also dispose of antigen-antibody complex and digest waste enzymes)
Eosinophiles
These blood cells have a role in asthma
Eosinophiles
These blood cells are inactive mediators of inflammation and release histamine
Eosinophiles
These blood cells secrete cytokines (IL-3,4,5… and TNF-a)
Eosinophiles
These blood cells have cytoplasm loaded with granules that stain with Azure B. The granules are so plentiful the may obscure the nucleus
Basophiles
These blood cells have granules rich in heparin, histamine and SRS-A
Basophiles
These blood cells play a role in inflammation and immediate hypersensitivity reactions
Basophiles
These blood cells have a thin rim of cytoplasm and a big spherical nucleus
Lymphocytes
The majority of lymphocytes are __ cells
T-cells
These cells are the specific target for HIV
T-cells
Large granular lymphocytes are also called _____
Natural Killer cells
Small cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocytes are called _____
Blood Platelets
These transform into tissue macrophages
Monocytes
Megakaryocytes live primarily in _____
Bone Marrow
The basic dyes used for blood are are ____ and _____
Azure B
Methylene Blue
The acidic dye used for blood is _____
eosin
Azure B stains which cellular components?
DNA, Glycosaminoglycans
Methylene Blue stains which cellular components heavenly blue?
RNA
This dye stains RBCs red-pink
Eosin
This dye stains nuclei purple and cytoplasmic granules of basophiles crimson red
Azure B
Each blast cell can give rise to (one type/ many types) of blood cell
one type
Normally, blasts, promylocytes, myelocytes and metamyelocytes are only found in ___
Bone marrow
Two Bacteriocidal compounds found in specific granules of neutrophiles are _____ and _____
lysozyme
lactoferrin
The stages of Neutrophilic differentiation are (6)
- blast
- neutrophilic promyelocyte
- netrophilic myelocyte
- neutrophilic metamyelocyte
- neutrophilic band
- mature neutrophile
A band count greater than 700/μL (more than 5% of leukocytes) is called what?
Left Shift
The term “Granulocytes” refers to _____, _____ an sometime ______
Eosinophiles, Basophiles and Neutrophiles
Hematopoiesis in adults occurs primarily in the flat bones of the (6)
- sternum
- vertebrea
- ribs
- clavicles
- bones of pelvis
- bones of skull
(Yellow Bone/Red Bone) has more adipose
Yellow Bone
Name cellular features that change with erythrocyte differentiation
- Nucleus disappears
- cell volume decreases
- basophilia decreases
- nucleoli disappears
The stages of erythrocyte formation are (7)
- blast
- basophilic erythroblast
- polychromatophilic erythroblast
- normoblast
- reticulocyte /
- orthochromatic erythroblast
- mature erythocyte
Most (80%) of normoblasts will become _____ and 20% will become _____
80% reticulocytes
20% orthochomoatic erythroblasts
RBCs circulate for about _____ days
120
Which granulocyte plays a major role in anaphylactic shock?
Basophiles
Cell mediated immunity is a characteristic of _____
T-cells
What type of cell suppresses the immune response to self molecules?
Supressor T-Cells
Neutrophilic Myelocytes make secondary granules that contain _____ and _____
lysozyme and lactoferrin
These cells die in the process of making pus
Neutrophiles
These cells make superoxide anions to kill microbes
Neutrophiles
What color does hemoglobin stain? Why?
Red-pink
Eosin
Which Hormone secreted by the kidney promotes RBC formation?
erythropoeitin
What are the five types of cells that make up “respiratory epithelium”?
- Cilliated pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells
- Mucous Goblet Cells
- Brush Cells
- Basal Cells
- Granule Cells
These are the most abundant cells in the respiratory epithelium
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells
A genetic disorder in which the protein dynein is non-functional
Kartagener syndrome
Along the respiratory tract, ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium transition to ____ ____ ____ ____ and finally squamous cells in the alveoli
ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium
Which are found deeper in the respiratory tract, ciliated cells or mucous cells?
ciliated
prevent retrograde flow
The three bones in the nasal cavity that help mix air are called ______
nasal conchae
The fancy name for nose hairs is ______
vibrissae
The space between conchae are called the ______
meatus
The inferior and middle meati are lined with ______ while the superior meatus is lined with _____
Respiratory epithelium
Olfactory epithelium
These glands produce proteinaceous serous secretions to clear cilia and facilitate access of new oderants
Olfactory (Bowman’s) Glands
The tube that connects the oral and nasal passages is the _____
pharynx
The tube that connects the pharynx and trachea is the ______
Larynx
False Vocal cords are made of ______
respiratory epithelium
The topmost layer to true vocal cords is made of _____
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
The tube that connects the larynx and bronchi is called the ______
Trachea
In terminal bronchioles, Goblet cells are replaced with ______
Clara cells
(Type I/Type II) epithelium form the majority of the lung lining
Type I (97% of lung surface area)
(Type I/Type II) epithelium are more abundant in the lungs
Type II
Macrophages in the Alveoli are called ______
Dust Cells
The two agranular Leukocytes are ______ and ______
Lymphocytes and Monocytes
The three lymphocytes are (one it the large granular lymphocyte) ____, ____ and ____
T-Cells, B-cell, and NK (large granular) cells
These granulocytes have no Azuophilic granules, only eosinic (specific) granules
Eosinophils
Reticular fibers are type _____ collagen
Type 3
Reticular fibers are made by ______
reticular cells
Reticular cells are from _______ origin
mesenchymal
Reticular cells are also called _____ cells due to their long processes
dendritic
Ferritin can be stored in the mesenchymal (leukocyte/red blood/reticular) cell
reticular (dendritic)
A lymphatic nodule is made mostly of ______ cells
B-cells
The (primary/secondary) nodule has tightly packed small lymphocytes while the (primary/secondary) nodule has a germinal center
primary
secondary
The mantel zone of the secondary nodule has _____
young plasma cells and memory B-cells
The concave surface of the lymph node is called the _____
hilum
The capsule of a lymph node is made up of ______
dense irregular connective tissue
The sinuses of a lymph node (do not/do) have an endothelial lining
Do not have an endothelial lining
The dense region in the medulla of a lymph node is called a medullary (note/band/cord) that may have sinuses around it
cord
afferent lymphatic vessel are limited to the (convex/concave) surface while the efferent lymphatic vessels are limited to the (convex/concave) surface
convex
concave
The flow of lymph through a node is from _____ to ____ to ______ vessels
trabecular to medullary to efferent vessels
Lymphocytes make their way back to the node via (High endothelial venules/discontinuous capillaries)
High Endothelial Venules
HEV
The thymus develops (early/late) in embryology
early: degrades through adulthood
The partitions in lymph nodes are called _______
trabeculae
The Thymus develops embryologically from both the _____ lining and the _____
epithelial linning and
mesenchyme
If you remove the thymus from a neonate, the rest of the lymph nodes will (grow to compensate/not develop)
not develop
The trachea has ______ epithelium
respiratory
The Bronchioles have ____ ____ epithelium
ciliated columnar
Terminal bronchioles have ____ _____ or ____ epithelium
non-ciliated cuboidal or columnar epithelium
Respiratory bronchioles have _____ _____ or ____ epithelium with few or no cilia
simple cuboidal or columnar
Alveolar ducts have ______ epithelium
simple squamous
Which three of the five types of cells that make up “respiratory epithelium” sit on the basement membrane and extend out into the lumen of conduit?
1) Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells
2) Mucos Goblet Cells
3) Brush Cells
These cells can do it all, but not all at the same time: originate form mesenchyme synthesize and maintain reticular fibers do phagocytosis store ferretin are APCs
Reticular cells (also called dendritic cells)
This extension of the sub capsular sinus provides support and allows for flow of fluid through a lymph node
Trabeculum
Red pulp is red due to a large amount of _____
red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS) are packed with __ cells and have an artery running though it
T-cells
Hassall’s corpuscles can be found in the (cortex/medulla) of the thymus
medulla
Lymphocytes know to ‘get off the bus’ at HEVs due to signaling molecules call ______
adressins
If you see hassall’s corpuscles, you must be looking at the _____
Thymus
Reticular fibers can stain black with (pico orcein/H&E/silver)
silver
Mature B cells proliferate and differentiate and switch classes in the lymphoid in (seed/germinal/differentiating) centers of lymphoid nodules
germinal
A germinal center of a lymph node is where mature _____ cells proliferate, differentiate and mature.
B cells
These cells are sometimes called ‘polys’ (polymorphonuclear cells)
Neutrophiles
These cells have basophilic granules that bind dyes such as hematoxylin
basophiles
These have an indented nucleus and all look the same, hence their name ______
monocytes
From what cell does a mast cell derive?
A granulocyte progenetor
A nucleated red blood cell is called an _____
orthochromatic reticulocyte
The spleen is about 80% ____ pulp and 20% ____ pulp
80% red (stains pink/light)
20% white (stains blue/dark)
The white pulp stains dark b/c of _____
nucleic acids in the WBCs
If you see PALS, you are looking at the organ, the ____
spleen
Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths has ____ cells
T cells
The blood thymus barrier is created by the ____ cell
epithelial cell
Thymosin and thymopoietin are made by _____ cells in the thymus
epithelial reticular cell
The blood thymus barrier is more pronounce at the (cortex/medulla)
cortex
Invaginations in the tonsils are called _____
crypts
Lymphatic nodules in the spleen are filled with __ cells
B cells
What lives in a medullary cord of a lymph node?
B lymphcetes and plasma cells
The thymus comes from the __ and ___ pharyngeal pouches and mesenchyme
3rd and 4th
Concentrically arranged epithelial reticular cells in the thymus are called
hassall’s corpuscles
An RBC that still has some ribosomal RNA is a _____
reticulocyte
Reticulocytes stain with _____
brilliant cresyl blue
