Gross Anatomy 4L Flashcards
A thin serous layer that covers the boundaries of the thoracic cavity is called the _____
parietal pleura
The serous membrane that covers the lungs is called the _____
visceral pleura
The space between parietal and visceral pleura is called the _____
pleural cavity
The sensory fibers from the phrenic nerve to the diaphragm originate from ___ to ___
C3 to C5
Painful inflammation of the parietal pleura is called _____
Pleurisy
Lines that delineate the entire extent of the pleural cavity are called _____
Pleural Reflection
There is a discrepancy of ____ width between the inferior boarders of the lungs and the inferior extent of the pleural cavity
2 rib widths
The internal organs in the main cavity (especially the abdomen) of the body are called ______
Viscera
The lung (fills/ does not fill) the pleural cavity
Does not fill
Free air in the pleural space is called a ______
pneumothorax
When there is free air in the pleural space and the pleural cavity is sealed (such as a whole in the lung) it is specifically called a ______
tension pneumothorax
C3, 4 and 5 ______
keep your diaphragm alive
There are two portions of the bronchoalveolar system, the _____ and the _____
conducting portion
respiratory portion
When you inhale a wad of gum at the playground, it usually ends up in ______
the right main brounchi
Gaseous exchange takes place in little cavities called ______
alveoli
Big groups of many alveoli are called ______
alveolar sacs
This type of alveolar epithelial cells are specialized for gas exchange
Type I alveolar epithelial cells
This type of alveolar epithelial cells produce surfactant rich in phospholipids and hydrophobic protiens
Type II alveolar epithelial cells
Efferent lymphatics from the hilar nodes drain superiorly into the _______ and ______ nodes
tracheobronchial and paratracheal nodes
Enlargement of the lymph nodes at the base of the broncheal tree can compress the ______
recurent laryngeal nerve (vagus CN X)
For the lungs, sympathetic fibers originate from spinal levels ____ to _____
T1 to T5
Preganglionic parasympathetics fibers for the lung are part of the _____
Vagus Nerve
Afferent monitoring fibers for the lung are part of the _____
Vagus Nerve
The vagus nerve exits the cranium through the ______ foramen
jugular
The superior laryngeal nerve branches into the ______ and _____ branches
internal and external
The organ of voice production is the _____
larynx
The thyroid cartilage is connected to the cricoid cartilage by the ______ ligament, a great place to insert an emergency tracheal tube
cricothyroid ligament
A symmetric pair of small three-sided pyramids which form part of the larynx, to which the vocal folds (vocal cords) are attached
arytenoid cartilage
The opening between the true vocal cords and the arytenoid cartilages
rima glottidis
Involved in speech, pear shaped, a common place for food to become trapped, bounded medially by the aryepiglottic fold, laterally by the thyroid cartilage and thyrohyoid membrane
piriform recess
A flap that is made of elastic cartilage tissue covered with a mucous membrane, attached to the entrance of the larynx
epiglottis
Abduction of the vocal cords is done by one muscle, the ______
posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
connected to the styloid process, draws the hyoid bone backwards and elevate the tongue, innervated by CN VII
Stylohyoid muscle
ALL muscles of the larynx are innervated by the ______
except the cricothyroid muscle
recurrent laryngeal nerve
The first branch of the external carotid artery is the ______
superior thyroid artery
Name the eight branches of the external carotid artery
S: superior thyroid artery A: ascending pharyngeal artery L: lingual artery F: facial artery O: occipital artery P: posterior auricular artery M: maxillary artery S: superficial temporal artery
Creating an emergency airway into the trachea is called a _______
cricothyroidotomy
Connects the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone, pierced by the superior laryngeal nerve and the superior laryngeal artery
thyrohyoid membrane
The mesoderm of the pharyngeal clefts gives rise to ______
musculature
The maxillary process and mandibular process both arise from arch #___
1
The malleus and incus arise from _____ cartilage
Meckel’s cartilage
Arches 1 & 2 mostly give rise to ____ features while 3 & 4 _____ features
facial
neck
Treacher Collins syndrome is frequently due to a mutation in the _____ gene
TCOF1
The Eustachian tube and tympanic cavity arise from pharyngeal pouch #____
1
The lymph of the thoracic duct drains into the _____
left subclavian vein
The stapes bone of the ear and styloid process arise from arch ___
2
Cartilage of the throat and neck arise from arches __ and __
4 and 6
muscles of mastication come from arch __
1
muscles of facial expression arise from arch __
2
CN V, CN VII, CN IX and CN X arise from arches __, __, __ and __
1, 2, 3 and 4
Pierre Robbins syndrome with a small lower jaw is a failure in arch __
1
Branchial fistula results when the ____ arch fails to
completely cover the third and fourth arches
second
The tonge develops from archs ___
1,2,3 and 4
If the maxillary and medial nasal prominence fail to join, you will get a ____
cleft lip
Tooth malformations: ______ ______ results
from defects in enamel secretion or mineralization
amelogenesis imperfecta
The external laryngeal nerve has one type of fiber, motor to the _____
cricothyroid muscle
Below the larynx, the vagus nerve only carries ____ and ____
special sensory and parasympathetic
Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve can lead to ____
hoarseness
The internal laryngeal nerve gains access to the inner larynx by piercing the _____ membrane
thyrohyoid membrane
The four types of fibers in the recurrent laryngeal nerve are:
Special sensory
preganglionic parasympathetic
postgaglionic sympathetic
motor
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles _____ the vocal folds and are innervated by _______.
abduct, recurrent laryngeal
Cricothyroid muscles _____ the vocal folds and are innervated by _______.
adduct, external laryngeal
Thyroarytenoid muscle aids in the closure of ____ and is innervated by the ________
rima glottidis, recurrent laryngeal
Vocalis muscles aid in ______
rise in vocal pitch
The superior laryngeal artery and internal laryngeal nerve enter the larynx through what?
thyrohyoid membrane
The inferior laryngeal artery and recurrent laryngeal nerve enter the larynx through what?
cricothyroid articulation
Injury to the internal laryngeal nerve causes
absence of a cough reflex
Injury to the external laryngeal nerve causes
low-pitched/monotonous voice
Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve
difficulty breathing and speaking - common injury during surgery
The inferior laryngeal nerve contains ____ fibers for the muscles of adduction
motor
The posterior pallet forms by fusion of the _____ shelves
palantine
