micropra-chapt 5 tinamad na ako tapusin

Question 1

process of killing/removing all microbial forms, including spores

Answer 1

sterilization

Question 2

process by which most microbial forms on inanimate objects are killed without necessarily destroying saprophytes and bacterial endospores leads to a reduction of organisms that they cannot produce infection

Answer 2

disinfection

Question 3

use of chemical agents on living tissues

Answer 3

antisepsis

Question 4

agent, physical or chemical, that kills bacteria

Answer 4

bactericidal or germicidal agent

Question 5

agent, physical or chemical, capable of inhibiting the growth of bacteria without necessarily killing them

Answer 5

bacteriostatic agent

Question 6

agents capable of destroying spores, fungi and viruses respectively

Answer 6

sporicidal, fungicidal, viricidal

Question 7

most common physical method of sterilization

Answer 7

heating

Question 8

moist heat has greater killing action than dry heat

Answer 8

nature of heat

Question 9

as temperature increases, the time taken to sterilize decreases

Answer 9

temperate and time

Question 10

the more microorganism there are, the higher the temperature and the longer the duration of the process

Answer 10

number of microorganisms

Question 11

spore-forming microorganisms are more difficult to destroy than non-spore forming ones

Answer 11

nature of microorganisms

Question 12

the temp. required to sterilize materials depend on the sensitivity of the material to heat

Answer 12

type of material

Question 13

the presence of organic materials such as fats, proteins and sugars may necessitate higher temp.

Answer 13

presence of organic material

Question 14

preferred over dry heat because of its more rapid killing action

Answer 14

moist heat

Question 15

method of destroying disease producing organisms in milk and milk products as well as other beverages

Answer 15

pasteurization

Question 16

used to destroy contaminating bacteria in vaccine preparations

Answer 16

vaccine bath

Question 17

used to inactivate bacteria contaminating serum preparations and is done by heating at 56 degrees celcius for several succesive days

Answer 17

serum bath

Question 18

technique used to solidify and disinfect egg containing and serum containing media

Answer 18

inpissation

Question 19

method involves utilizing water at boiling temperature of 100 degrees celcius

Answer 19

boiling

Question 20

method is also known as intermittent sterilization and involves exposing the material to be sterilized to live steam at 100C for 30-90 mins for 3 consec, days

Answer 20

fractional sterilization(tyndallization)

Question 21

use of the hot air oven was first introduced by louis pasteur, used to sterilize metallic instruments such as forceps, scalpels, and scissors

Answer 21

hot air oven

Question 22

the articles to be sterilized are placed in conveyor belt and passed through a tunnel that is heated by infrared radiators

Answer 22

infrared rays

Question 23

method is based on the principle of depriving the microorganism of moisture

Answer 23

dessication

Question 24

not a reliable method of sterilization because most pathogenic organisms are resistant to low temperatures

Answer 24

freezing

Question 25

is a form of mechanical sieving that does not kill microorganism but merely separate them from the fluid

Answer 25

filtration

Question 26

acts by formation of thymine-thymine dimers resulting in lethal frameshift mutations(rane 200nm-280nm as the most effective)

Answer 26

ultraviolet light(UVL)/non ionizing radiation

Question 27

have greater penetrance than UV rays

Answer 27

ionizing radiation

Question 28

particulate in nature. A linear accelerator from heated cathode is used to generate high speed electrons

Answer 28

electron beams

Question 29

produced from nuclear disintegration of selected radioactive isotopes

Answer 29

electromagnetic rays(gamma rays)

Question 30

method is based on the principle of osmosis, so that when the concentration of the fluid surrounding the organism is altered

Answer 30

osmotic pressure