Cell structure and Taxonomy

Question 1

chemical reactions that occur within a cell

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

importance of metabolism

Answer 2

Growth
Reproduction
Irritability

Question 3

accidental changes in the genetic material

Answer 3

Mutation

Question 4

do not have complex system of membranes and organelles
bacteria and archaea

Answer 4

Prokaryotes

Question 5

more complex cells
containing true nucleus
and many bound organelles
alagae, protozoa, fungi, plants, and animals

Answer 5

Eukaryotes

Question 6

enclosed and keep cell intact
composed of large molecules
like a “skin”
regulates passage of substance in and out
selective permeability

Answer 6

Cell membrane

Question 7

18-22 nm in diameter
consists of rRna
synthesized protein
attached in the RER

Answer 7

Ribosomes

Question 8

“packaging plants”
flattened membranous sacs
synthesized proteins into small

Answer 8

Golgi complex

Question 9

contain lysozyme and other digestive system

Answer 9

Lysosomes

Question 10

where hydrogen peroxide is both generated and broken down

Answer 10

Peroxisomes

Question 11

“powerhouse” of the cell
energy carrying molecules(ATP)

Answer 11

Mitochondria

Question 12

contain photosynthetic pigments

Answer 12

Plastids

Question 13

one type of plastid
contain a green, photosynthetic called chlorophyll

Answer 13

chloroplasts

Question 14

system of fibers present throughout the cytoplasm
strenghthen support and stiffen the cell, giving its shape

Answer 14

Cytoskeleton

Question 15

slender, hollow tubules

Answer 15

Microtubules

Question 16

slender, thread-like contractile structures which facilitate cell contraction

Answer 16

Microfilaments

Question 17

external struc., provide rigidity, shape, and protection
contain cellulose, pectin, and some mineral

Answer 17

Cell wall

Question 18

polysaccharide present in algae and plants

Answer 18

Cellulose

Question 19

present in fungi and exoskeleton and bettles and crabs

Answer 19

Chitin

Question 20

long, thin structure, organelle of locomotion

Answer 20

Flagella

Question 21

shorter, hair-like
thinner and more numerous
beat with coordinated, rhythmic movement

Answer 21

Cilia

Question 22

10x larger than prokaryotic cells
true nucleus, DNA is enclosed by a nuclear membrane

Answer 22

eukaryotic cells

Question 23

10x smaller than eukaryotic cells
reproduce by binary fission

Answer 23

prokaryotic cells

Question 24

inward folding of the cell membrane cellular respiration takes place in bacteria

Answer 24

Mesosomes

Question 25

single, long, supercoiled circular DNA molecule control center of the bacterial cell capable of repeating itself

Answer 25

Chromosomes

Question 26

small, circular molecules of part of double-stranded DNA, not part of the chromosome contain 10 to hundred gene

Answer 26

Plasmid

Question 27

semi-fluid, consists of water, enzyme: dissolved oxygen, waste products, essential nutrients, proteins and carb, and lipids no organelle

Answer 27

cytoplasm

Question 28

most of these are polyribosomes or polysomes

Answer 28

Cytoplasmic particles

Question 29

rigid exterior cell wall that defines the shape of bacteria consists of a complex macromolecule known as peptidoglycan

Answer 29

bacterial cell wall

Question 30

thick layer

Answer 30

Gram Positive Bacteria

Question 31

thinner layer

Answer 31

Gram Negative Bacteria

Question 32

the most widely used procedure for staining bacteria

Answer 32

Gram Stain

Question 33

developed Gram strain, over a century age

Answer 33

Dr. Hans Christian Gram

Question 34

slimy, gelatinous, material produced by the cell membrane and secreted the cell wall

Answer 34

Glycocalyx

Question 35

not highly organized and is not firmly attached to the cell wall

Answer 35

slime layer

Question 36

highly organized and firmly attached to the cell wall

Answer 36

capsule

Question 37

thread-like protein appendages that enable the bacteria to move

Answer 37

Flagella

Question 38

Flagellated bacteria are said to be motile:

Answer 38

Monotrichous Lophotrichous Amphithrichous Peritrichous

Question 39

hair-like structures, most often observed on Gram Negative bacteria

Answer 39

Pili and Fimbriae

Question 40

formed by a few bacteria when the environment is unfavorable for their survival

Answer 40

Endospores

Question 41

processs of forming endospore resistant to heat, cold, drying and most chemicals

Answer 41

Sporulation

Question 42

prokaryotic cells reproduce by

Answer 42

Binary fission

Question 43

varies from one bacterial species to another

Answer 43

Generation time

Question 44

eukaryotic cell reproduce in a process called

Answer 44

Mitosis

Question 45

type of division that gives rise to daughter cells for the purpose of tissue growth, regeneration or asexual reproduction

Answer 45

MITOSIS

Question 45

type of division that gives rise to daughter cells for the purpose of tissue growth, regeneration or asexual reproduction

Answer 45

MITOSIS

Question 46

is the science of classification of living organism

Answer 46

Taxonomy

Question 47

3 interrelated areas of taxonomy

Answer 47

Classification Nomenclature Identification

Question 48

arrangement of organisms into taxonomic group (taxa)

Answer 48

classification

Question 49

assignment of names

Answer 49

nomenclature

Question 50

process of determining whether as isolate belongs to a taxa

Answer 50

identification

Question 51

established the binomial nomenclature (genus+specific epithet)

Answer 51

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 52

capitalize the first letter

Answer 52

Genus

Question 53

not capitalize

Answer 53

Soecific epithet

Question 54

In 1978, proposed elevating the three cell types to a level above kingdom called DOMAIN

Answer 54

Carl R. Woese

Question 55

cells are classified into three types;

Answer 55

Archaeabacteria Eubacteria Eukarya