Micropara 4: Principles of Disease Causation Flashcards
colonization of a pathogen
Infection
a disease caused by a microorganism
Infectious disease
4 phases or periods in the course of an infectious disease
- Incubation Period
- Prodromal Period
- Period of Illness
- Convalescent Period
the time that elapses between the arrival of the pathogen and the onset of symptoms
Incubation Period
the time during which the patient feels “out of sorts” but is not yet experiencing actual symptoms of the disease
Prodromal Period
the time during which the patient experiences the typical symptoms associated with that
particular disease
Period of Illness
Communicable diseases are most easily transmitted during this period
Period of Illness
the time during which the person recovers
Convalescent Period
confined to a particular area or site e.g. pimples
Localized infections
the infection has spread throughout the body
Systemic Infections
“M. tuberculosis may spread to internal organs causing Tuberculosis”
this is an example of what infection?
Systemic Infection
has a rapid onset, followed by a
relatively rapid recovery
Acute Disease
has an insidious (slow) onset and lasts a long time
Chronic Disease
occurs more suddenly than chronic infections but less suddenly than an acute disease
Subacute Disease
examples of acute diseases
measles, mumps, influenza
examples of chronic diseases
tuberculosis, leprosy, and syphilis
example of subacute disease
bacterial endocarditis
some evidence of a disease
that is experienced or
perceived by the patient;
subjective
Symptom of a Disease
T or F
pain, tinnitus, blurred
vision are examples of signs
False
Symptoms
T or F
Nausea, dizziness, itching, chills are examples of symptoms
True
some type of objective evidence of a disease
Sign of a Disease
T or F
“While palpating a patient, a physician might discover a lump or an enlarged liver or spleen”
example of symptoms
False
This is an example of signs because it is assessed by a health professional and cannot be verbalized by the patient
T or F
abnormal breath sounds, BP, RR, PR, laboratory results, etc. are examples of signs of a disease
True
It is a brain disorder that leads to shaking, stiffness, and difficulty with walking, balance, and coordination
Parkinson’s disease
10 early warning signs of Parkinson’s disease
- Tremor
- Loss of smell
- Small handwriting
- Sleep problems
- Trouble moving
- Constipation
- Voice changes
- Masked face
- Dizziness
- Stooping
a patient is experiencing
symptoms
Symptomatic (Clinical) Disease
a disease that the patient is
unaware of because he is not
experiencing any symptom
Asymptomatic (Subclinical) Disease
Steps in Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases
- Entry of the pathogen into the body.
- penetration of the skin or mucous membranes, inoculation by arthropods, inhalation,
ingestion, etc. - Attachment to some tissues of the body
- Multiplication- may be localized or systemic
- Invasion or spread
- Evasion of host defenses
- Damage to host tissues
T or F
All infectious diseases follow these steps. For example, some exotoxin-producing intestinal pathogens can cause disease once ingested, without adhering to the intestinal wall
False
Not all
(Illustration)
Process of Pathogenic Infection
Exposure –> Adhesion –> Invasion –>Colonization –> Toxicity –> Tissue Damage & Disease
