Micropara 4: Principles of Disease Causation

Question 1

colonization of a pathogen

Answer 1

Infection

Question 2

a disease caused by a microorganism

Answer 2

Infectious disease

Question 3

4 phases or periods in the course of an infectious disease

Answer 3

1. Incubation Period
2. Prodromal Period
3. Period of Illness
4. Convalescent Period

Question 4

the time that elapses between the arrival of the pathogen and the onset of symptoms

Answer 4

Incubation Period

Question 5

the time during which the patient feels “out of sorts” but is not yet experiencing actual symptoms of the disease

Answer 5

Prodromal Period

Question 6

the time during which the patient experiences the typical symptoms associated with that
particular disease

Answer 6

Period of Illness

Question 7

Communicable diseases are most easily transmitted during this period

Answer 7

Period of Illness

Question 8

the time during which the person recovers

Answer 8

Convalescent Period

Question 9

confined to a particular area or site e.g. pimples

Answer 9

Localized infections

Question 10

the infection has spread throughout the body

Answer 10

Systemic Infections

Question 11

“M. tuberculosis may spread to internal organs causing Tuberculosis”

this is an example of what infection?

Answer 11

Systemic Infection

Question 12

has a rapid onset, followed by a
relatively rapid recovery

Answer 12

Acute Disease

Question 13

has an insidious (slow) onset and lasts a long time

Answer 13

Chronic Disease

Question 14

occurs more suddenly than chronic infections but less suddenly than an acute disease

Answer 14

Subacute Disease

Question 15

examples of acute diseases

Answer 15

measles, mumps, influenza

Question 16

examples of chronic diseases

Answer 16

tuberculosis, leprosy, and syphilis

Question 17

example of subacute disease

Answer 17

bacterial endocarditis

Question 18

some evidence of a disease
that is experienced or
perceived by the patient;
subjective

Answer 18

Symptom of a Disease

Question 19

T or F

pain, tinnitus, blurred
vision are examples of signs

Answer 19

False

Symptoms

Question 20

T or F

Nausea, dizziness, itching, chills are examples of symptoms

Answer 20

True

Question 21

some type of objective evidence of a disease

Answer 21

Sign of a Disease

Question 22

T or F

“While palpating a patient, a physician might discover a lump or an enlarged liver or spleen”

example of symptoms

Answer 22

False

This is an example of signs because it is assessed by a health professional and cannot be verbalized by the patient

Question 23

T or F

abnormal breath sounds, BP, RR, PR, laboratory results, etc. are examples of signs of a disease

Answer 23

True

Question 24

It is a brain disorder that leads to shaking, stiffness, and difficulty with walking, balance, and coordination

Answer 24

Parkinson’s disease

Question 25

10 early warning signs of Parkinson’s disease

Answer 25

1. Tremor
2. Loss of smell
3. Small handwriting
4. Sleep problems
5. Trouble moving
6. Constipation
7. Voice changes
8. Masked face
9. Dizziness
10. Stooping

Question 26

a patient is experiencing
symptoms

Answer 26

Symptomatic (Clinical) Disease

Question 27

a disease that the patient is
unaware of because he is not
experiencing any symptom

Answer 27

Asymptomatic (Subclinical) Disease

Question 28

Steps in Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases

Answer 28

1. Entry of the pathogen into the body.
2. penetration of the skin or mucous membranes, inoculation by arthropods, inhalation,
   ingestion, etc.
3. Attachment to some tissues of the body
4. Multiplication- may be localized or systemic
5. Invasion or spread
6. Evasion of host defenses
7. Damage to host tissues

Question 29

T or F

All infectious diseases follow these steps. For example, some exotoxin-producing intestinal pathogens can cause disease once ingested, without adhering to the intestinal wall

Answer 29

False

Not all

Question 30

(Illustration)

Process of Pathogenic Infection

Answer 30

Exposure –> Adhesion –> Invasion –>Colonization –> Toxicity –> Tissue Damage & Disease