Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Micropara > Micropara 4: Host Response to Infection > Flashcards

Micropara 4: Host Response to Infection Flashcards

1
Q

First line of defense

A

• Intact skin
• mucous membrane and their secretions
• normal microbiota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Second line of defense

A

• Phagocytes
-neutrophils
-eosinophils
-dendritic cells
-macrophages
• inflammation
• Fever
• antimicrobial substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Third line of defense

A

• Specialized lymphocytes:
T cells and B cells
• Antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Innate immunity line of defenses are?

A

First line of defenses
Second line of defenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adaptive immunity line of defense?

A

Third line of defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Innate defenses/immunity aka?

A

Non-specific host resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

lacks specific responses to specific invaders;
its mechanisms function the same way regardless of the type of invader

A

Innate immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

present at birth and offers immediate protection against a wide variety of pathogens

A

Innate immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

First line of defense are?

A

Physical and chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Physical First Line of Defense

A

skin
Mucous Membranes,
peristalsis,
defecation/vomiting,
urination,
microbiota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chemical First Line of Defense:

A

Secretions,
Sebum ,Saliva, Stomach
acid Vaginal secretions
cerumen, mucus, lactic
acid and lysozyme in
sweat, tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Second line of defense is?

A

Internal defenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Internal defenses include?

A

antimicrobial proteins
(lysozymes and
interferons are natural
antibiotics)
 Natural killer
phagocytes
Inflammation Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Adaptive or acquired immunity aka?

A

Specific host resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

involves many different cell types:

🖇️macrophages
🖇️ T helper cells
🖇️ cytotoxic T cells,
🖇️ delayed hypersensitivity T cells
🖇️ natural killer cells
🖇️ killer cells
🖇️ granulocytes

A

Cell- mediated Immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

antibodies play a minor role here

A

Cell-mediated immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Antibody-mediated immunity aka?

A

Humoral immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

involves the production of antibodies by lymphocytes to bind with, inactivate and destroy specific microorganism

A

Antibody- mediated
Immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the condition of being immune or resistant to a particular infectious disease

A

Immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

antibodies are produced within the person’s body

A

Active Acquired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the person receives antibodies that were produced by another person or by more than one person, or in some cases by an animal (e.g. serum)

A

Passive Acquired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Active acquired immunity can be?

A

Natural (naturally occurring)
Artificial (artificially occurring)

23
Q

acquired in response to the entry of a live pathogen into the body (i.e. in response to an
actual infection)

A

Natural (Naturally occurring)

24
Q

artificially induced vaccines

A

Artificial (Artificially occurring)

25
Q

immunity that is acquired by a
fetus when it receives maternal antibodies in utero or by an infant when it receives maternal antibodies contained in colostrums

A

Natural passive

26
Q

Natural Passive Immunity that is acquired by a ______ when it receives maternal antibodies in ______ or by an infant when it receives maternal antibodies contained in_________.

A
  • fetus
  • utero
  • colostrums
27
Q

1st breastmilk is called?

A

Colostrums

28
Q

immunity that is acquired when
a person receives antibodies
contained in antisera or gamma globulin

A

Artificial Passive

29
Q

a material that can artificially
induce immunity to an infectious disease, usually following injection, or ingestion of the material

A

Vaccine

30
Q

composed of attenuated
(weakened pathogens);
should not be administered
to immunosuppressed
individuals, because even
weakened pathogens can
cause disease in these

A
31
Q

made from pathogens that have been killed by heat or chemicals

A

Inactivated Vaccines

32
Q

can be produced faster and more easily but are less
effective than live vaccines because the antigens on the dead cells are usually less effective and produce shorter period of immunity

A

Inactivated Vaccines

33
Q

Inactivated Vaccines can be produced faster and more easily but are ___________ than live vaccines because the antigens on the dead cells are usually less effective and produce shorter period of immunity

A

less effective

34
Q

made by conjugating bacterial capsular antigens
(which by themselves are not very antigenic) to
molecules that stimulate the immune system to
produce antibodies against the less antigenic caps

A

Conjugate vaccines

35
Q

an exotoxin that has been inactivated (made nontoxic) by heat or chemicals

A

Toxoid

36
Q

antibodies that neutralize toxins

A

Antitoxins

37
Q

serum containing antitoxins

A

Antiserum

38
Q

example of antiserum

A

diphtheria, tetanus

39
Q

Aka Gene vaccines

A

DNA vaccines

40
Q

experimental only; a particular gene from a pathogen is inserted into plasmids, and the plasmids are then
injected into skin or muscle tissue. Inside host cells, the genes direct the synthesis of a particular microbial protein (antigen).

A

DNA vaccines

41
Q

has been prepared from bacteria isolated from a localized infection, such as a staphylococcal boil. The pathogens are killed and then injected into the same person to induce production of more antibodies

A

Autogenous vaccines

42
Q

Instead of the entire microbe, subunit vaccines ____________.

A

include only the antigens that best stimulate the immune system.

43
Q

the very specific parts of the antigen that antibodies or T cells recognize and bind to

A

epitopes

44
Q

In some cases, these vaccines use epitopes

A

Subunit vaccines

45
Q

Subunit vaccines can contain anywhere from ________ or more antigens.

A

1 to 20

46
Q

identifying which antigens best stimulate the immune system is a tricky, time-consuming process

A

Subunit vaccines

47
Q

are experimental vaccines
similar to DNA vaccines, but they use an attenuated virus
or bacterium to introduce microbial DNA to cells of the
body.

A

Recombinant Vector Vaccines

48
Q

refers to the virus or bacterium used as the carrier

A

Vector

49
Q

2 Categories of Infectious Diseases

A
  1. Nosocomial infections or Hospital
  2. Community- acquired infections
50
Q

acquired infections; acquired within hospitals or other health care facilities

A

Nosocomial infections or Hospital

51
Q

Nosocomial infections or Hospital acquired within hospitals or other health care facilities, including those that ______________.

A

erupt within 14 days of hospital discharge

52
Q

acquired outside of healthcare facilities

A

Community- acquired infections

53
Q

involves all those that are present or incubating at the time of hospital admission

A

Community- acquired infections

54
Q

literally mean “Physician -induced”

A

Iatrogenic infections

Micropara (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions