Human Infectious Diseases Flashcards
Infectious diseases follow colonization of some body site by a
pathogen.
Human Infectious Diseases
is a type of nonspecific host defense mechanism, serving as a physical barrier.
Intact skin
a general term that
describes a common skin
irritation.
Dermatitis
Inflammation of sebaceous gland that opens into a follicle of an eyelash.
Sty (or stye)
A localized pyogenic (pusproducing) infection of the skin, usually resulting from folliculitis; also known as a boil
Furuncle
A deep-seated pyogenic infection of
the skin, usually arising from a
coalescence of furuncle.
Carbuncle
A surface lesion that is neither raised nor depressed, such as the lesions of
measles
Macule
A surface of lesion that is firm and raised, such as lesions of chickenpox.
Papule
A blister or small fluid-filled sac, such as is seen in chickenpox and shingles
Vesicle
A pus-filled surface lesion
Pustule
How are skin diseases treated? GIVE 3 or MORE
Antibiotics. * Antihistamines. * Laser skin resurfacing. * Medicated creams, ointments or gels. * Moisturizers. * Oral medications (taken by mouth). * Steroid pills, creams or injections. * Surgical procedures.
There are three pathways for
pathogens to enter the ear;
through the eustachian
(auditory) tube, from the throat
and nasopharynx
from the external ear
via blood or lymph.
Usually, bacteria are trapped in
the middle ear when a bacterial
infection in the throat and
nasopharynx causes the
eustachian tube to close.
Infection of the middle ear.
Otitis media
Infection of the outer ear canal.
Otitis externa
- The thin, tough lining that covers the inner wall of the eyelid and the sclera
Conjunctiva
An infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva.
Conjunctivitis
An infection or inflammation of the cornea – the domed covering over the iris and lens.
Keratitis
An infection that involves both the cornea and the conjunctiva.
- Keratoconjunctivitis
Inflammation that involves the retina.
Often caused by viral infection.
Retinitis
SYMPTOMS:
*Cloudy vision
*Sensitivity to light
*Poor vision at night
*Double vision
what kind of disorder?
Cataract
SYMPTOMS:
*Double vision
*Blurred vision
*Loss of vision
what kind of disorder?
Diabetic Retinopathy
SYMPTOMS:
*Tearing
*Burning
*Discharge or stickiness
*Itching
*Eye pain
*Red-eye
what kind of disorder?
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the bronchial tubes; most commonly caused by respiratory viruses.
Bronchitis
Combination of bronchitis and pneumonia
Bronchopneumonia
Combination of bronchitis and Inflammation of the epiglottis (the mouth of the windpipe) may cause respiratory obstruction, especially in children; in the absence of vaccination, frequently caused by Haemophilus influenza type b
Epiglottitis
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx (voice box)
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the mucous membrane and underlying tissue of the pharynx;
commonly referred to as sore throat. “Strep throat” is a pharyngitis caused by
Streptococcus pyogenes.
Pharyngitis
- Inflammation of one or both lungs. Alveolar sacs become filled with exudate,
inflammatory cells, and fibrin - Most cases of pneumonia are caused by bacteria or viruses, but they can also be
caused by fungi and protozoa.
Pneumonia
Inflammation of the lining of one or more paranasal sinuses
Sinusitis
- Tooth decay or cavities
- Start when the external surface (the enamel) of a tooth is dissolved by organic
acids produced by masses of microorganisms attached to the tooth (dental
plaque) - Common cause: Streptococcus mutans
Dental carries
Inflammation of the gingiva (gums).
Gingivitis
Inflammation of the periperiodontium (tissues that surround and support the teeth, including the gingiva and supporting bone); in severe cases, teeth loosen and fall out.
Periodontitis
An infection of the oral tissues (mostly the tongue) with Candida albicans that occurs mainly in immunocompromised patients.
Thrush
Inflammation of the colon (large intestine)
Colitis
Abnormally frequent discharge of semisolid or fluid fecal matter.
Diarrhea
- Frequent watery stools, accompanied by abdominal pain, fever and
dehydration. - Stool may contain blood or mucus.
Dysentery
Inflammation of the intestines, usually referring to the small intestine.
Enteritis
Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach.
Gastritis
Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach and intestines.
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the bartholin ducts in women.
Bartholinitis
Inflammation of the cervix
Cervicitis
- Inflammation of the urinary bladder
- The most common type of UTI
- Common cause: Escherichia coli
Cystitis
Inflammation of the endometrium (inner layer of uterine wall)
Endometritis
Inflammation of the epididymis (an elongated structure connected to the testis).
Epididymitis
General term referring to inflammation of the kidneys
Nephritis
- Inflammation of one or both ureters.
- Usually caused by the spreading of infection upward from the urinary bladder
or downward from the kidneys.
Ureteritis
- Inflammation of the urethra
- Common cause: Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhea, and
Mycoplasma genitalum.
Urethritis
- Inflammation of the fallopian tubes
- Also known as salpingitis.
Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Inflammation of the prostate gland
- Most often not an infectious disease. If it is caused by a pathogen, the pathogen
maybe bacterium, virus, fungus or a protozoan.
Prostatitis
*Cardio= ?
heart
Vascular=?
types of blood vessels
Inflammation of the endocardium – the endothelial membrane that lines the
cavities of the heart.
Endocarditis
Inflammation of the myocardium- the muscular walls of the heart.
Myocarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium- the membranous sac of the heart.
Pericarditis
Presence of bacteria in the blood stream.
Bacteremia
Disease in which the patient experiences chills, fever and prostration (extreme
exhaustion) and has bacteria or their toxins in their bloodstream
Septicemia
- Inflammation of the brain Encephalomyelitis
- Inflammation of the membranes (meninges)
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain and meninges
Meningoencephalitis
nflammation of the spinal cord
Myelitis
