MICROORGANISMS FOR EXAM 1\

Question 1

E.coli

Answer 1

• Gram negative rod
• average size bacteria
• Lactose permease (active symporter - MFS)
• PTS (Group Translocation) -
• Have LPS + PORINS + BRAUNS LIPOPROTEINS
• ## O157:H7 - makes shiga toxin - O-specific polysaccharide (can de be an antigen)

Question 2

Staphylococcus

Answer 2

-Gram + cocci

Question 3

Mycoplasma

Answer 3

• has plasma membrane
• SMALLEST BACTERIA (0.3)
• GROW INSIDE OF OTHER CELLS SINCE THEY DO NOT CARRY ALL DNA. LACK GENES TO MAKE A CELL WALL
• No cell wall/ no hopanoids
• has sterols
• Atypical Bacterium - Cannot stain bc it does not have a cell wall

Question 4

Mycobacterium

Answer 4

• has cell wall
• Considered GRAM + bc it has no LPS but cannot be stained w/ crystal violet
• L-form bacteria
• not atypical
  order of structure: 1-cell membrane, 2-peptidoglycan, 3-mycolic acid, 4-noLPS, 5-capsule
• WAXY CELL WALL: MYCOLIC ACID
• ONLY WAY TO STAIN IT IS W/ ACID FAST STAINING SINCE IT REQUIRES HEAT TO MELT WAXY CELL WALL

EX: M. LEPRAE & M. TUBERCULOSIS

Question 5

VIBRIO CHOLERAE

Answer 5

-HAS THE THREE PROTEINS (FtsZ +MreB +CreS)
-Vibrio Shape
-In water
-does phtosynthesis

Question 6

CYANOBACTERIUM / EPULOPISCIUM - blue green algae

Answer 6

-LARGE BACTERIA
-DOES PHOTOSYNTHESIS
-REPLICATE SLOWER

Question 7

PARAMECIUM

Answer 7

-UNICELLULAR EUKARYOTE
-CILIATE
-FOUND IN WATER

Question 8

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE

Answer 8

• SMALL BACTERIA
• REPLICATES FASTER + best at nutrient uptake & waste release
• does not cause influenza

Question 9

Plasmodium Falciparum (2)

Answer 9

• causes Malaria
• eukaryotic
• PATHOGENIC

Question 10

cyanobacteria

Answer 10

-Improperly called blue-green algae bc it is not an eukaryote. It is a prokaryote.
-SAME AS ALGAE: photosynthesis + makes oxygen and N gas

Question 11

Bacillus Anthracis

Answer 11

-Gram + Bacteria
-causes anthrax
- L-FORM BACTERIA
- PATHOGEN

Question 12

Gram +

Answer 12

purple
-Bacillus (rods) + Clostridium (rods) + Sporosarcinia (cocci) - these are soil bacteria

Question 13

Gram -

Answer 13

pink

Question 14

Rickettsia spp

Answer 14

• Can cause lyme disease
• pleomorphic
• permeable membrane (things can enter and exit)
  -poor/ weak cell wall?
• atypical bacteria - cannot control what enters/exists cell so they grow inside of another cell
• L-FORM BACTERIA
• PATHOGEN

Question 15

Chlamydia spp.

Answer 15

-atypical bacteria
-does not synthesize ATP by itself
- PATHOGEN

Question 16

treponema pallidum

Answer 16

• SYPHILYS
• spirochete - spirillum - SPIROCHETE MOTILITY
• L-FORM BACTERIA
• PATHOGEN

Question 17

L FORM BACTERIA

Answer 17

BACILLUS ANTHRACIS
TREPONEMA PALLIDUM
MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
HELICOBACTER PYLORI
RICKETTSIA PROWAZEKII
BORRELIA BURGDORFERI

Question 18

SACCHAROMYCES CERVISIAE

Answer 18

• MOST WELL KNOWN YEAST
• EUKARYOTIC
• UNICELLULAR

Question 19

Bacillus aureus

Answer 19

-Rod

Question 20

MYCOBACTERIUM TB

Answer 20

L-FORM BACTERIA

Question 21

APICOMPLEXA EUKARYOTES

Answer 21

-PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM - MALARIA
-TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI - AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS
-TOXOPLASMA GONDII - TOXOPLASMOSIS (PREGNANT WOMEN)

Question 22

BORRELIA BURGDORFERI

Answer 22

L-FORM BACTERIA

Question 23

Candida albicans

Answer 23

• mycoses
• pathogenic when opportunistic
• spreads through sexual contact
• normal in microbiota