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Microbiology > CHAPTERS 4, 5, 6 > Flashcards

CHAPTERS 4, 5, 6 Flashcards

1
Q

NEURAMIDASE

A

SPIKE PROTEIN THAT REMOVES ENVELOPE FROM VIRION ALLOWING TO MERGE W THE HOST’S CELL MEMBRANE, DEPOSITING NUCLEIC ACID + PROTEIN INSIDE HOST CELL

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2
Q

ARCHAEA

A
  • PROKARYOTE
  • UNICELLULAR
  • METABOLISM IS SIMILAR TO BACTERIA’S
  • PROTEINS USED FOR TRANSCRIPTION + TRANSLATION SIMILAR TO EUKARYOTE’S
    -METHANOGENS
  • EXTREMOPHILES
    -PSEUDOMUREIN
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3
Q

ARCHAEAL MEMBRANES

A

-GLYCEROL MOLECULE
- ISOPRENE UNITS
- ETHER LINKAGE
-PHOSPOLID MONOLAYER + BILAYER

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4
Q

BILAYER ONLY IN ARCHAEA

A

-MODERATE CONDITIONS

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5
Q

MONO + BILAYER IN ARCHAEA

A

MIDDLE GROUND

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6
Q

MONO LAYER ONLY IN ARCHAEA

A

EXTREME CONDITIONS

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7
Q

ARCHAEAL ENVELOPE

A

-CELL MEMBRANE
-PSEUDOMUREIN + (BETA 1,3 GLYCOSIDIC BOND)
- S-LAYER
-CAPSULES
-SLIME LAYER
-PROTEIN SHEATH
- METHANOCHINDROITIN

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8
Q

EUAKRYOTES

A

FUNGI + PROTISTS
- SIMPLER CELL WALL
- HAVE FLAGELLA
- CILIA

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9
Q

FUNGI

A
  • CAN BE PATHOGENIC TO THE IMMUNOCOMPROMISED
  • DECOMPOSERS
  • SIMPLE CELL WALL - CHITIN
  • SPORES ARE FOR REPLICATION
  • INDUSTRIAL IMPORTANCE
  • LOOK LKE COLONIES

YEAST - UNICELLULAR (SINGLE CELLED)
+
MOLD - MULTICELLULAR

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10
Q

6 MAJOR FUNGAL GROUPS

A

1) CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA
2) ZYGOMYCOTA
3) GLOMEROMYCOTA
4) ASCOMYCOTA
5) BASIDIOMYCOTA
6) MICROSPORIDIA - NO SPORES

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11
Q

MYCORRZHIAE

A
  • FUNGI
  • SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP = HELPS GRASS GROW
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12
Q

HOW DO FUNGI DECOMPOSE THINGS

A

1- RELEASE ENZYMES
2 - BREAK IT DOWN
3 - ABSORP NUTRIENTS

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13
Q

INDUSTRIAL IMPORTANCE (5)

A
  • FERMENTATION
  • ORGANIC ACIDS
  • CERTAIN DRUGS
  • ANTIBIOTICS
  • IMMUNOSUPRESSIVE AGENTSM- CYCLOSPORIN
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14
Q

CHITIN - FUNGI

A

WEAK CELL WALL

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15
Q

MOLD - FUNGI

A
  • HYPHAE
  • TALLUS
    -MULTICELLULAR
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16
Q

HYPHAE PRESENT IN?

A

FUNGI - MOLD
‘
SEPTATED - PORES AND ONE NUCLEUS PER SEPARATION

ASEPTATED - ALL NUCLEI TOGETHER

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17
Q

FUNGAL PATHOGENS

A

1- RHIZOPUS STOLONIFER - BLACK BREAD MOLD
2- RHIZOPUS BURKHOLDERIA SYMBIOSIS - RICE BACTERIUM
3- ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS - ALLERGIES + PATHOGEN

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18
Q

MYCOSES

A

FUNGAL INFECTION
EX: TINEA
- 5 TYPES

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19
Q

5 TYPES OF MYCOSES

A

1- SUPERFICIAL
2-CUTANEOUS
3- SUBCUTANEOUS
4- SYSTEMIC ( HIGHEST MORTALITY RATE)
5 - OPPORTUNISTIC

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20
Q

CANDIDA ALBICANS

A

OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGIM- YEAST INFECTION

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21
Q

dimorphic fungi (2)

A

room temp: mold

body temp: yeast

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22
Q

Cryptococcosis Neoformans

A
  • yeast - from birds droppings
  • systemic mycosis
  • can cause meningitis + pneumonia
  • grows in bird seed agar
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23
Q

Nosocomial infections

A
  • get in in hospital setting
  • 10% are in the bloodstream
  • 50% of mortality rate
  • most infections involve skin + mucous membrane

C. auris, albicans, glabrata

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24
Q

Amebiasis (Amoebic Dysentery)

A
  • caused by Entamoeba histolytica - part of microbiome
  • spreads through a cyst
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25
amoebic cyst
-dormant - 1 cyst = many amoebas - exit through diarrhea - asymptomatic - appendicitis
26
MALARIA
-APICOMPLEXA = PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM - VECTOR: MOSQUITOES -
27
MALARIA'S LIFE CYLE
- COMPLETE INSIDE MOSQUITO 3 STEPS: 1) SPOROZOITE: LIKE A WARM MOVES TO LIVER 2) MEROZOITE: EXITS LIVER 3) ENTERS RED BLOOD CELLS & CREATED A RING AND REPLICATES GAMETOCYTES - EGG THAT MOSQUITO GETS BURST AND PRODUCES FEVER
28
PYROTHERAPY
- HEAT THERAPY - DR. JULIUS WAGNER-JAUREGG - GIVES MALARIA TO SYPHILIS PATIENTS
29
SYPHILIS TREATMENT
-PYROTHERAPY -ARSENIC -SAUNA -PENICILLIN
30
AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS
-TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI - APICOMPLEXA - RESERVOIR: CATTLE + WILD ANIMALS - VSG SWITCHING = EXCESS ANTIGEN PUTS PTS TO SLEEP
31
VSG SWITCHING
ANTIGENIC VARIATION - ONCE BODY RECOGNIZES ONE ANTIGEN - PATHOGEN WILL CHANGE CUASING AN EXCESS OF ANTIGEN NOT USED
32
TOXOPLASMOSIS
- TOXOPLASMA GONDII - APICOMPLEXA RESERVOIR: RODENTS, BIRDS, SMALL MAMMALS - PREGNANTS THINGY - FECAL-ORAL TRANSMISSION - ASYMPTOMATIC OR RESEMBLES MONO TACHYZOITES -CROSS THE PLACENTA AND CAUSE MUTATIONS/DEATH
33
ACELLULAR MICROBES
VIRUS VIROIDS SATELLITES PRIONS
34
VIRUS
- NUCLEIC ACID (RNA OR DNA) -PROTEIN COAT - MAY HAVE ENVELOPE - VIRION: COMPLETE CELL PARTICLE - OUTSIDE HOST CELL
35
VIRION
-COMPLETE VIRAL PARTICLE -OUTSIDE CELL -SIZE: 10-400 NANO -2 TYPES: NAKED + ENVELOPED
36
NAKED VIRION
NUCLEIC ACID + PROTEIN COAT - HOST CELL DIES ONCE RELEASED
37
ENVELOPED VIRION
- NUCLEIC ACID + PROTEIN + ENVELOPE (COMES FROM HOST'S CELL MEMBRANE) - HAS SPIKE PROTEINS = DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS ATTACHMENT (recognize receptors) + IDENTIFICATION (version of spikes)
38
INFLUENZA
- ENVELOPED VIRUS ****SPIKE PROTEINS****** 1) HEMAGGLUTININ - HELPS W/ ATTACHMENT + RECOGNIZE RECEPTORS 2) NEURAMIDASE - ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY (removes the envelope allowing nucleic acid + protein to enter host cell)
39
not all viruses + virions have an envelope
TRUE
40
VIRION RELEASE (in to outside host cell) WHEN NONENVELOPED
-LYSES THE HOST
41
VIRION RELEASE WHEN ENVELOPED
BUDDING - NUCLEIC ACID + PROTEIN TAKE A PIECE OF THE HOST'S CELL MEMBRANE
42
PHAGE VIRAL REPLICATION
1- ATTACHMENT W/SPECIFICITY OR TROPISM ***NO ENVELOPE*** 2- DIRECTLY ENTERS THE CELL - ONLY GIVES NUCLEIC ACID 3- SYNTHESIS - making what it needs 4 - ASSEMBLY 5 - RELEASE
43
MAMMALIAN VIRUSES
1- ATTACHMENT - to host cell w/ tropism *****enveloped******* 2- ENVELOPE FUSES W/ HOSTS PLASMA MEMBRANE 2.1 - protein coat + n. acid enters host cell 2.2 - uncoat n. acid 3- synthesis 4- assembly 5 - release - budding
44
Viral Tropism
viral specificity
45
4 TYPES OF VIRAL INFECTIONS IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS
1- CYTOCIDAL 2- RESISTANT 3- LATENT 4- TRANSFORMATION
46
CYTOCIDAL
-VIRUS IN EUKARYOTES -HIV BECOMES AIDS BC KILLED CD4 - TCELLS -CELL KILLER
47
PERSISTENT
- VIRAL INFECTION IN EUKARYOTE - STAYS LONGER PERIODS - EBV/MONO INTO BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA - VIRAL SHEDDING
48
LATENT
-VIRAL INFECTION IN EUKARYOTE - VARICELLA (CHICKENPOX) INTO SHINGLES
49
TRANSFORMATIONAL
-VIRAL INFECTION IN EUKARYOTES - HPV INTO CERVICAL CANCER
50
DNA GENOME
- LINEAR + CIRCULAR - ssDNA - dsDNA
51
RNA GENOME
- ssDNA - dsDNA -RETROVIRUSES -SEGMENTED VIRUSES
52
RETROVIRUSES
-RNA TO DNA EX: HIV bc it has reverse transcriptase
53
SEGMENTED VIRUSES
-RNA VIRUSES -MOST DANGEROUS -ERROR PRONE - CAUSE PANDEMICS MULTIPLE PIECES OF NUCLEIC ACID
54
RNA VIRUSES MUTATE QUICKER
TRUE
55
TEMPERATE PHAGE
1) LYTIC - KILL 2) LYSOGENIC - DO NOT KILL
56
TEMPERATE PHAGE / LYSOGENIC
1- PHAGE ENTERS BACTERIA - protein stays outside -n. acid enters and fuses w/ chromosome of bacteria becoming a PROPHAGE
57
PROPHAGE
PHAGE' N. ACID FUSES W/ BACTERIA'S CHROMOSOME
58
LYSOGENIC CONVERSION
-CAUSES DISEASE - MAKE TOXINS BUT DONT HAVE ALL THE PIECES EX: CORYNEBACTERIUM DYPHTERIAE CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM VIBRIO CHLOREAE
59
VIRULENT PHAGE
KILLS
60
INFLUENZA
VIRUS

Microbiology (7 decks)

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