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Health and Food Tech Unit 1 > Micronutrients > Flashcards

Micronutrients Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 water soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamin B and Vitamin C

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2
Q

What are the 3 main functions of vitamins B1, 2, and 3?

A
  1. Helps release energy from carbs
  2. For normal growth and function of the nervous system
  3. For normal growth in children
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3
Q

What are 3 sources of vitamins B1, 2, and 3?

A
  1. White and wholemeal bread
  2. Fortified breakfast cereal
  3. Meat, liver, kidney
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4
Q

What are the 3 effects of a lack of vitamins B1, 2, and 3?

A
  1. Tiredness due to energy not being released from carbs
  2. Depression, irritability, anxiety
  3. Slow growth in children
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5
Q

What are the 2 main functions of Vitamin B12?

A
  1. Makes red blood cells which carry oxygen around the body
  2. Keeps your nerves healthy
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6
Q

What are 3 sources of Vitamin B12?

A
  1. All animal foods - meat, fish, eggs etc
  2. Fortified breakfast cereals
  3. Cereals
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7
Q

What are the 2 effects of a lack of Vitamin B12?

A
  1. You will feel tired as your body won’t be able to make as many red blood cells as normal
  2. Pernicious anaemia may develop
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8
Q

What are the 3 main functions of folic acid?

A
  1. Essential for formation of red blood cells
  2. Ensures unborn babies grow and develop properly
  3. Helps protect against neural tube defects like spina bifida in unborn babies
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9
Q

What are 3 sources of folic acid?

A
  1. Green leafy veg
  2. Whole grain cereals
  3. Oranges, bananas, grapefruits
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10
Q

What are the 2 effects of a lack of folic acid?

A
  1. Neural tube defects in unborn babies may develop - this is when the baby’s spine and nervous system do not develop properly
  2. Megaloblastic anaemia may develop
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11
Q

What are the 5 main functions of Vitamin C?

A
  1. To make connective tissue to bind the body cells together
  2. Helps cuts and wounds heal quicker
  3. It helps protect our immune system
  4. Assists in the absorption of iron to prevent anaemia
  5. To build and maintain the skin
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12
Q

What are 3 sources of Vitamin C?

A
  1. Green leafy veg
  2. Citrus fruits - oranges, lemons, limes
  3. Blackcurrants
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13
Q

What are 3 effects of a lack of Vitamin C?

A
  1. Cuts and wounds fail to heal properly
  2. Anaemia may develop as Vitamin C has to be present to allow iron to be absorbed
  3. There is a greater risk of developing cancer and heart disease in later life as Vitamin C is an antioxidant vitamin
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14
Q

What are ACE vitamins?

A

Antioxidant vitamins which defend against free radicals which cause damage to cells - this can lead to an increased risk of cancer

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15
Q

What are the 4 fat soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamin A, D, E, and K

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16
Q

What are the 4 main functions of vitamin A?

A
  1. To make visual purple, a substance in the eye, to assist in good vision, particularly in dim light
  2. To keep the mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, and mouth healthy
  3. For the maintenance of healthy skin
  4. For normal growth in children
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17
Q

What are 3 sources of vitamin A?

A
  1. Milk
  2. Cheese
  3. Eggs
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18
Q

What are 2 effects of a lack of vitamin A?

A
  1. Dry and infected mucous membranes
  2. Reduced vision in dim light leading to night blindness
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19
Q

What is the effect of too much vitamin A in pregnancy?

A

Can be harmful to the developing foetus, but it is important to maintain the right balance to prevent vitamin A deficiency

20
Q

What are the 3 main functions of vitamin D?

A
  1. Proper formation of bones and teeth
  2. To promote quicker healing of bone fractures
  3. Required for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus
21
Q

What are 3 sources of vitamin D?

A
  1. Ultraviolet rays from the sun
  2. Cod liver oil
  3. Oily fish
22
Q

What are 2 effects of a lack of vitamin D?

A
  1. Poor growth and risk of rickets in children whose bones become soft and bend
  2. Osteoporosis results when there’s a lack of vitamin D and bones become brittle
23
Q

What is the effect of too much vitamin D?

A

Can lead to deposits of calcium in the blood and heart

24
Q

Who is at risk of a vitamin D deficiency?

A
  1. People who are housebound
  2. People whose religion requires them to wear covering clothing like burkas
25
Q

What are the 2 main functions of vitamin E?

A
  1. To help prevent certain cancers and heart disease
  2. For healthy skin
26
Q

What are 3 sources of vitamin E?

A
  1. Eggs
  2. Nuts
  3. Seeds
27
Q

What is the effect of a lack of vitamin E?

A

Deficiency is rare but premature babies may be placed in special baby care units where they can receive vitamin E to help prevent or reduce damage to their eyes

28
Q

What is the main function of vitamin K?

A

Required to help blood clot and wounds to heal

29
Q

What are 3 sources of vitamin K?

A
  1. Green leafy veg
  2. Vegetable oils
  3. Cereal grains
30
Q

What is the effect of a lack of vitamin K?

A

Deficiency is rare but newborn babies are given a shit of vitamin K to help their blood clot in case they are injured

31
Q

What are the 4 minerals?

A
  1. Calcium
  2. Phosphorus
  3. Iron
  4. Sodium
32
Q

What are the 3 functions of calcium?

A
  1. Combines with phosphorus to make calcium phosphate which gives bones and teeth their hardness
  2. Required for the development of strong bones and teeth
  3. Helps blood clot after an injury
33
Q

What are 3 sources of calcium?

A
  1. Dairy products - milk, cheese, yoghurt
  2. Green leafy veg
  3. Tinned fish with bones
34
Q

What are the 6 effects of a lack of calcium?

A
  1. Poor development of bones - leads to rickets in children
  2. Poor development of teeth - leads to dental caries
  3. Broken or damaged bones take longer to heal
  4. Osteoporosis in later life - brittle bones
  5. Osteomalacia - soft bones
  6. Blood loss - as it does not clot well after an injury
35
Q

What mineral does phosphorus require to perform its functions for the body?

A

Calcium

36
Q

What is the function of phosphorus?

A

Works with calcium to make calcium phosphate which gives bones and teeth their hardness

37
Q

What are 3 sources of phosphorus?

A
  1. Fish
  2. Dairy products - milk, cheese
  3. Eggs
38
Q

What is the effect of a lack of phosphorus?

A

Could affect the body’s ability to build and maintain healthy bones

39
Q

What are the 3 functions of iron?

A
  1. Needed to produce haemoglobin which gives red blood cells their colour - haemoglobin transports oxygen around the body which helps prevent tiredness
  2. Needed for the production of red blood cells to prevent anaemia
40
Q

What are 3 sources of iron?

A
  1. Red meat, liver, kidney
  2. Green leafy veg
  3. Dried fruit
41
Q

What are the 2 effects of a lack of iron?

A
  1. Tiredness, weakness, lacking energy
  2. Anaemia
42
Q

What is the effect of too much iron?

A

Can collect mainly in the liver, and can be toxic

43
Q

What are the 3 functions of sodium?

A
  1. Needed for the correct muscle and nerve activity
  2. Too little can lead to cramp
  3. Essential for maintaining the correct fluid balance in the body
44
Q

What are 3 sources of sodium?

A
  1. Savoury convenience foods - crisps
  2. Table salt
  3. Bacon
45
Q

What is the effect of a lack of sodium?

A

Deficiency is rare but muscle cramps can occur, especially after exercise

46
Q

What are the 3 effects of a too much sodium?

A
  1. High blood pressure
  2. Strokes
  3. Coronary heart disease

Health and Food Tech Unit 1 (10 decks)

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