Macronutrients

Question 1

what is the function of protein?

Answer 1

it helps with the growth, repair and maintenance of body cells and tissues

Question 2

give examples of 3 protein sources

Answer 2

• meat
• eggs
• peanuts

Question 3

what is the effect of having not enough protein?

Answer 3

• growth in children is slowed down
• cuts and wounds take longer to heal

Question 4

what is the effect of having too much protein?

Answer 4

• can be converted into fat

Question 5

what is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 5

provides energy for all bodily activities

Question 6

what are the 2 categories that sugars can be divided into?

Answer 6

• monosaccharides
• disaccharides

Question 7

what is another name for starches?

Answer 7

total complex carbohydrates

Question 8

state 3 sources of starches

Answer 8

• bread
• potatoes
• flour

Question 9

what is the effect of having not enough carbohydrates?

Answer 9

• a lack of energy which would lead to tiredness

Question 10

what is the effect of having too much carbohydrates?

Answer 10

• can be converted into fat and may lead to obesity
• too much sugar can lead to dental caries or type 2 diabetes

Question 11

what are the 2 categories of fat?

Answer 11

• saturated
• unsaturated

Question 12

which is the “bad” fat?

Answer 12

saturated fat

Question 13

what are the functions of fat?

Answer 13

• concentrated source of energy
• provides warmth

Question 14

sources of fat

Answer 14

• meat
• milk
• butter

Question 15

what are the 2 types of cholesterol?

Answer 15

• LDL (low density lipoprotein)
• HDL (high density lipoprotein)

Question 16

which of the 2 types of cholesterol, is the “good” cholesterol?

Answer 16

• HDL

Question 17

what does LDL do?

Answer 17

sticks to the artery walls which narrows the artery

Question 18

what does HDL do?

Answer 18

ferries the LDL cholesterol away from the artery and to the liver where it is converted into bile

Question 19

what are essential fatty acids?

Answer 19

specific polyunsaturated fats

Question 20

what are the 2 main types of essential fatty acids?

Answer 20

• omega-3
• omega-6

Question 21

function of omega-3

Answer 21

• reduces the risk of blood clots, so reduces the risk of heart attacks

Question 22

sources of omega-3

Answer 22

oily fish (mackrel, trout, sardines, etc.)

Question 23

function of omega-6

Answer 23

decreases bad cholesterol

Question 24

what would be the effect of having too much omega-6

Answer 24

may decrease good cholesterol as well as bad

Question 25

sources of omega-6

Answer 25

• sunflower
• soya bean oils
• polyunsaturated margarine

Question 26

effect of not enough fat

Answer 26

• intake of essential fatty acids would be reduced
• fat soluble vitamins would be reduced

Question 27

effect of too much fat

Answer 27

• may lead to obesity
• can lead to high blood pressure and coronary heart disease