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Microbiology > Microbiome > Flashcards

Microbiome Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Microbiome characterizations

A

Abundance
Species richness
Diversity

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2
Q

Abundance

A

How many individual are present in an area

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3
Q

Species richness

A

How many unique species

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4
Q

Diversity

A

incorporate both number of species and evenness of abundance

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5
Q

Bacterial phyla on human

A

Actinobacteria
Bacteroidetes
Firmicutes
Proteobacteria

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6
Q

Which organ has more diverse microbiota than other body sites?

A

Gut

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7
Q

Factors shape neonatal microbiome

A 
Gut microbiota
Vaginal infection (vaginal delivery, C-delivery)
Periodontitis
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8
Q

Postnatal factors during early life

A

Antibiotics
Diet (breast-feeding, formula)
Genetics
Environment

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9
Q

Why microbiome shifts towards adult life

A

Diet diversifies

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10
Q

Dysbiosis

A

Imbalance in gut microbial community that associate with disease

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11
Q

How microbiota inhibit the growth of pathogen?

A

Produce bacteriocins and short-chain fatty acids

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12
Q

What short-chain fatty acids do?

A

Inhibit pathogen
Nourish epithelial cell
Strengthen intestinal lining

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13
Q

What damage epithelial cell

A

VRE

C. difficile

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14
Q

Density ~ Diversity of creature

A

Increase density, less diversity

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15
Q

Major intestinal eubacteria

A

Proteobacteria
Bacteroidetes
Firmicutes (Gram-positive)

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16
Q

Predominant intestinal Archaea

A

Methanogen

17
Q

Plant-based diet vs West diet

A
  • Well-adapted human genome vs Poor-adapted

- Low incidence of NCCDs vs High incidence

18
Q

Low alpha-diversity and high beta-diversity

A
  • High dispersal limitation

- High vary food choice

19
Q

High alpha-diversity and low beta-diversity

A
  • Low dispersal limitation

- Low vary food choice

20
Q

Why should eat green?

A
  • 50% more bacteria in gut
  • 2x bacterial genes
  • Better metabolic function
  • Not suffer Western diseases
21
Q

Factors of gut microbiome

A 
Age
Diet
Demography
Malnutrition
Antibiotics
Probiotics
22
Q

What nutrient composition in gut depend on?

A
  • Dietary intake of nutrients and phytochemicals
  • Bioavailability of nutrient in small intestine
  • Endogenous secretion (Bile acids, digestive enzymes)
  • Microbial metabolism of nutrients
23
Q

How nourishment provided by the host shift towards good or bad?

A

Depend on their metabolic access to these nutrient

Microbiology (8 decks)

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