Epidemiology Flashcards
Population
Group of individual in risk for disease or condition
Morbidity
State of being diseased
Prevalence
Number or proportion of individuals with a particular illness in given population at a that time
Incidence
Number or proportion of new case in a period of time
Sporadic disease
Occasional disease, usually without geographic concentration
Endemic disease
Constantly present disease (at low level) within a region
Epidemic disease
Disease has number of case larger than expected within a region
Pandemic disease
Worldwide epidemic
Approaching to control an epidemic
Forecasting
Implement preventative measure
Investigate & monitor
Implement control measure
Human to human transmission
- Direct contact: survive best inside body
- Indirect contact
- Droplet: not survive long
- Airborne
- Fecal - Oral: through water orf food
Net reproductive ratio (R0)
Measure number of secondary cases caused by primary case
Conditions of transmission of an infection
- Infectious individual
- Population of susceptibles
- Effective contact between an infected person and susceptible
R0 formula
Transmission parameter x Population size of susceptible x Duration of infectiousness
R0 > 1
Primary case produces mor ethan 1 secondary case -> Epidemic
R0 < 1
Primary case does not produce enough case to replace itself -> Disease die out
