Epidemiology Flashcards
Population
Group of individual in risk for disease or condition
Morbidity
State of being diseased
Prevalence
Number or proportion of individuals with a particular illness in given population at a that time
Incidence
Number or proportion of new case in a period of time
Sporadic disease
Occasional disease, usually without geographic concentration
Endemic disease
Constantly present disease (at low level) within a region
Epidemic disease
Disease has number of case larger than expected within a region
Pandemic disease
Worldwide epidemic
Approaching to control an epidemic
Forecasting
Implement preventative measure
Investigate & monitor
Implement control measure
Human to human transmission
- Direct contact: survive best inside body
- Indirect contact
- Droplet: not survive long
- Airborne
- Fecal - Oral: through water orf food
Net reproductive ratio (R0)
Measure number of secondary cases caused by primary case
Conditions of transmission of an infection
- Infectious individual
- Population of susceptibles
- Effective contact between an infected person and susceptible
R0 formula
Transmission parameter x Population size of susceptible x Duration of infectiousness
R0 > 1
Primary case produces mor ethan 1 secondary case -> Epidemic
R0 < 1
Primary case does not produce enough case to replace itself -> Disease die out
R0 = 1
Each primary case replaces itself -> Endemic
Superspreader
Infect 7+ people
Fomite
Iniminate object where agent sit for awhile
Reservoir
Natural host of infectious agent in the environment, cannot be susceptible but carry it around
Vector
Pass infectious agent into new host
Disease prevention
- Drugs to prevent disease
- Vaccines to prevent transmission
- Vector control
- Vaccines, drug to prevent infection
- Sanitation, hygiene, education
