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ALL SBAS PATH > microbiology_flashcards > Flashcards

microbiology_flashcards

1
Q

Which mechanism mediates flucloxacillin resistance in S. aureus?

A

Alteration of the target

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2
Q

By which mechanism is ESBL E.coli resistant to ceftriaxone?

A

Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic

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3
Q

A patient has grown a fully susceptible E.coli in their urine. Which of the following is the narrowest spectrum agent you should de-escalate to?
a. Amoxicillin
b. Ceftriaxone
c. Co-amoxiclav
d. Meropenem
e. Piperacillin/tazobactam

A

Amoxicillin

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4
Q

What is the most common syndrome of HAI?

A

Urinary tract infection with catheter

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5
Q

What is C. difficile?

A

Gram pos spore-forming anaerobe

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6
Q

What is the most frequent route of entry of pathogens into CNS?

A

Haematogenous spread

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7
Q

What would meningococcal meningitis be classified as?

A

Acute meningitis

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8
Q

In addition to CSF from a lumbar puncture, what 3 other microbiological samples should be sent when you suspect meningitis?

A

Blood culture, throat swab, blood PCR

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9
Q

What are fungi?

A

Eukaryotic organisms with chitinous cell walls and ergosterol containing plasma membranes

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10
Q

Which is the commonest cause of fungal infections in humans?

A

Candida spp

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11
Q

Mr A is complaining of a painful mouth and his tongue looks strange. What is wrong with his tongue?

A

Oral candidiasis

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12
Q

Which one is the yeast?

A

A (Candida Gram stain). Both gram positive. Yeasts are larger

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13
Q

Which animal is Cryptococcus associated with?

A

Pigeons

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14
Q

What type of ink is used for a cryptococcal stain?

A

India

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15
Q

Why might antifungals targeting the cell membrane not work in PCP?

A

It lacks ergosterol in its cell wall

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16
Q

Which one of the following viruses is the most contagious?

A

Measles

17
Q

Vaccination with a live vaccine should be deferred if: 2 correct answers

A

a. Patient has received immunoglobulin in past 3 months b. Patient is receiving systemic high dose steroids

18
Q

What percentage of the worlds population is infected with TB?

A

33%

19
Q

The laboratory calls you saying they have found Acid Fast Bacilli in a clinical sample. Which answer is most appropriate?

A

Thank them and recommend the start of TB therapy

20
Q

A 23 year old male is a close contact of a person with smear positive pulmonary TB. What is his lifetime risk of developing active TB?

A

10%

21
Q

What infection test is NOT currently included in routine screening of pregnant women?

A

Toxoplasmosis

22
Q

What is the most common cause of early onset neonatal sepsis?

A

Group B strep

23
Q

What is the most common type of meningococcal disease in the UK?

A

Men B

24
Q

What is the commonest cause of death worldwide in children under 5 years?

A

Pneumonia

25
Q

Which of the following is associated with a reduced risk of SSI?

A

Bactericidal concentration of antibiotic in serum at time of incision

26
Q

What is the most likely pathogen?

A

Coagulase negative staphylococci

27
Q

What cells are these?

A

Squamous epithelial cells

28
Q

Which one of the following cell types on microscopy suggest a poorly taken sample?

A

Squamous epithelial cells

29
Q

Which of the following dipstick parameters is a product of nitrate reductase and suggestive of a UTI?

A

Nitrites

30
Q

A 51-year-old with a recent HSCT is unwell. Which is the most appropriate test? ALT = 800 IU/mL

A

HEV PCR

31
Q

Which type of immunosuppression carries the greatest relative risk of developing a viral infection?

A

Allogeneic stem cell transplant

32
Q

A patient who received a stem cell transplant 2 weeks ago presents with mouth ulcers. Which of the following viruses would you test for on the mouth swab?

A

HSV PCR

33
Q

Which of these is NOT an antiviral?

A

Rituximab

34
Q

Which patient has previously had Hepatitis B Infection?

A

sAg-, cAb+, sAb-

35
Q

What is the definition of gastroenteritis?

A

More than 1 week of symptoms

36
Q

Which risk factors are associated with gastroenteritis?

A

a. Elderly b. Infancy c. MSM

37
Q

Which extra-intestinal manifestations are associated with Salmonella infection?
a. Erythema Nodosum b. Abscess formation c. Aortitis

A

Aortitis

38
Q

Which virus is commonly associated with outbreaks?

A

Norovirus

ALL SBAS PATH (18 decks)

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