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ALL SBAS PATH > haematology_flashcards > Flashcards

haematology_flashcards

1
Q

The risk of thrombosis is increased by:

A

Reduced protein C

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2
Q

Which factor confers the highest risk of thrombosis?

A

Factor V Leiden

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3
Q

Which agent has a delayed anticoagulant effect?

A

Warfarin

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4
Q

How does warfarin achieve its anticoagulant effect?

A

Reduce plasma procoagulant factors

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5
Q

Which patient is most likely to benefit from long-term anticoagulation after a DVT?

A

77yo man after hip replacement

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6
Q

What is the most appropriate 1st line treatment for a 33yo man with a PE?

A

Therapeutic LMWH

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7
Q

What is the most appropriate next step for a 67yo man with DVT and a week history of weight loss on apixaban?

A

Perform an abdo-pelvic CT

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8
Q

What should you do for a 34yo woman with DVT after removal of ovarian cyst and a family history of DVT?

A

Continue long term anticoagulation

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9
Q

What should you do for a 29yo man who collapsed at work following a PE with no family history?

A

Test for Factor V Leiden

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10
Q

What should you do for a 38yo woman who had a previous DVT while taking COCP and a 2nd DVT during her 2nd pregnancy?

A

Continue long term anticoagulation

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11
Q

What are the most likely lab test results for a 22-year-old male with cyanotic congenital heart disease, Hb 210g/l, Haematocrit 60%, and no splenomegaly?

A

JAK2 wildtype + raised EPO

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12
Q

Name two haematological cancers causing massive hepato-splenomegaly with no lymphadenopathy

A

Myelofibrosis, CML

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13
Q

What is the diagnosis for Hb 140 (normal), WCC 120 x10^9 (high), Platelets 300 x10^9 (normal), Neutrophils, basophils, myelocytes in peripheral blood, and 3% blasts in bone marrow?

A

Chronic phase CML

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14
Q

Ph translocation BCR-ABL1 rearrangement is oncogenic via:

A

Novel fusion oncoprotein

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15
Q

Regarding lymphoma aetiology, which statement is NOT true?

A

Chronic EBV infection is linked to adult T cell leukaemia / lymphoma

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16
Q

In certain NHL subtypes, chromosome translocations involving a proto-oncogene are seen. Which statement is NOT true?

A

Follicular NHL: BCR-ABL1

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17
Q

Lymph node biopsy shows Reed Sternberg cells with a background of chronic inflammatory cells and eosinophils. What is the diagnosis?

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

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18
Q

What is the most likely subtype of cHL for a 22-year-old female with mediastinal mass?

A

Nodular sclerosis

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19
Q

What Ann Arbor Stage is cHL with disease involving mediastinum, spleen, and liver?

A

Stage 4

20
Q

Which NHL sub type is appropriate for monitoring only in asymptomatic small volume disease?

A

Follicular lymphoma

21
Q

What is the immunophenotype of a normal peripheral blood B-lymphocyte?

A

CD3-, CD5-, CD19+

22
Q

Who has the worst prognosis in CLL?

A

IgHV unmutated and TP53 mutated

23
Q

What does Venetoclax do in CLL treatment?

A

Blocks BCL2 protein

24
Q

What sort of transfusion reaction would occur if a blood group O RhD positive patient was transfused A RhD negative red cells?

A

Delayed haemolytic reaction

25
Q

Where should you label the blood tube?

A

Patients bedside

26
Q

Why is autografting preferred over allografting for treating myeloma?

A

Transplant related mortality after allografting is unacceptably high in most patients with myeloma

27
Q

What is the strongest prognostic factor for chronic GvHD?

A

Prior acute GvHD

28
Q

Which is true about Cytomegalovirus reactivation?

A

Is more common in CMV seropositive compared to seronegative

29
Q

How do newborn babies differ from adults in haematological terms?

A

A higher Hb

30
Q

Which complication of sickle cell anaemia is more common in adults than children?

A

Stroke

31
Q

What is the likely diagnosis for siblings with sickle cell anaemia presenting simultaneously with severe anaemia and a low reticulocyte count?

A

Parvovirus B19 infection

32
Q

What is the likely diagnosis for a 6yo Afro-Caribbean boy with chest and abdominal pain, Hb 63 g/l, MCV 85fl, and blood film showing sickle cells?

A

Sickle cell anaemia

33
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis for a 1-year-old boy with joint bleeding, normal Hb, WBC, and platelet count, prolonged aPTT, normal PT, and normal bleeding time?

A

Haemophilia A

34
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis for an 83yo man with lymphocytosis, smear cells, normal Hb, and normal platelets?

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

35
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis for a 67yo woman with facial plethora, smoker, high RBC, Hb, PCV, WBC, neutrophil count, basophil count, and platelets?

A

Polycythaemia vera

36
Q

What test would you do next to confirm the diagnosis for a 67yo woman with high RBC, Hb, PCV, WBC, neutrophil count, basophil count, and platelets?

A

Molecular analysis for JAK2 mutation

37
Q

How would you treat a patient with polycythaemia vera?

A

Venesection plus hydroxycarbamide

38
Q

Which result falls within the normal reference range?

A

Platelet count 273 x 10^9/L

39
Q

Which statement about MDS is true?

A

One third of MDS patients can be expected to die from leukaemic transformation

40
Q

Which statement about Aplastic Anaemia is true?

A

The cure rate of AA treated by sibling-related allogeneic stem cell transplantation in a patient under 40 years old is > 70%.

41
Q

Which statement about idiopathic aplastic anaemia and dyskeratosis congenita is true?

A

Telomeric shortening is a feature of both idiopathic aplastic anaemia and dyskeratosis congenita

42
Q

What happens to haematological parameters during normal pregnancy?

A

Platelet count falls

43
Q

What happens to coagulation during pregnancy?

A

Result in a leading cause of maternal mortality

44
Q

What is true about venous thromboembolism during pregnancy?

A

Is more common in women with high BMI

45
Q

Which statement is correct about thrombocytopenia during pregnancy?

A

The platelet count may fall following delivery in baby’s born to mothers with ITP

46
Q

What has contributed to a reduction in pregnancy associated thrombosis mortality rate?

A

Improved targeted thromboprophylaxis

47
Q

Which statement is correct about postpartum haemorrhage (PPH)?

A

Uterine atony is a common cause of PPH

ALL SBAS PATH (18 decks)

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