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USMLE Step 1 > Microbiology--Virology > Flashcards

Microbiology--Virology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Live attenuated vaccines:

A

induce humoral and cell-mediated immunity: smallpox, yellow fever, chickenpox, sabin polio virus, MMR, intranasal influenza

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2
Q

Killed vaccines

A

induce only humoral immunity: rabies, influenza, salk polio, HAV

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3
Q

Recombinant vaccines:

A

HBV (HBsAg), HPV (6/11/16/18)

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4
Q

which DNA viruses are dsDNA

A

all except parvovirus (ssDNA)

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5
Q

which DNA viruses are linear?

A

all except papilloma, polyoma and hepadenaviruses (circular)

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6
Q

which RNA viruses are ssRNA?

A

all except reoviridae (dsRNA)

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7
Q

which RNA viruses are positive stranded?

A

retrovirus, togavirus, flavivirus, coronavirus, hepevirus, calicivirus, picornavirus: I went to a retro toga party where I drank flavored Corona and ate hippy california pickles.

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8
Q

which purified nucleic acids of viruses are infection? general rules?

A

most dsDNA (except poxvirus/HBV) and +strand ssRNA viruses are infection. -strand ssRNA and dsRNA are not infectious and require polymerases contained in complete virion.

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9
Q

DNA viruses replicate where?

A

nucleus (except poxvirus–carries its own DNA dependent RNA polymerase)

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10
Q

RNA viruses replicated where?

A

cytoplasm (except influenza and retroviruses)

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11
Q

Naked viruses are which:

A

Papillomavirus, adenovirus, parvovirus, polyomavirus, calicivirus, picornavirus, reovirus, hepevirus: give PAPP smears and CPR to a naked Heppy (DNA = PAPP, RNA = CPR)

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12
Q

what are the DNA viruses:

A

HHAPPPPy: hepadna, herpes, adeno, pox, parvo, papilloma, polyoma

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13
Q

what are the two polyoma viruses:

A

JC virus: PML in HIV; BK virus: transplant patients targeting kidney

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14
Q

flesh colored dome lesions with central umbilicated dimple

A

molluscum contagiosum–poxvirus

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15
Q

latent in trigeminal ganglia

A

HSV-1

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16
Q

latent in sacral ganglia

A

HSV-2

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17
Q

latent is dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia

A

VZV (HHV-3)

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18
Q

infects B cells, reactive cytotoxic T cells seen on smear

A

EBV (HHV 4)

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19
Q

Which diseases is EBV ass. with?

A

hodgkin lymphoma, endemic burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal Ca

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20
Q

latent in mononuclear cells, owl eye inclusions

A

CMV (HHV 5)

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21
Q

roseola–exanthem subitum; high fevers that can cause seizures followed by diffuse macular rash

A

HHV6

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22
Q

dark/violaceous flat and nodular skin lesions

A

Kaposi sarcoma–HHV8, endothelial growths

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23
Q

Tzank test

A

smear of opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells

24
Q

intranuclear Cowdry A inclusions

A

a cell infected with HSV

25
Q

What are the negative stranded RNA viruses?

A

Arenaviruses, Bunyavirus, Paramyxoviruses, Orthomyxovirus, Filovirus, Rhabdovirus; Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication; All have RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

26
Q

Which are the segmented viruses?

A

All RNA viruses. BOAR: bunyavirus, orthomyxoviruses (influenza), arenaviruses, reoviruses

27
Q

What are some picornaviruses?

A

Poliovirus, Echovirus, Rhinovirus, Coxsackievirus, HAV (PERCH)–RNA is translated into 1 large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins

28
Q

high fever, black vomitus, jaundice

A

flavivirus–yellow fever virus–“flavi” = yellow; abovirus via Aedes mosquito

29
Q

most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis, acute diarrhea esp during winter in daycares

A

rotavirus; segmented dsRNA virus (reovirus); villous destruction with atrophy leads to hyponatremia and hypokalemia

30
Q

what proteins does influenza virus have to help in virulence?

A

hemagglutinin to promote viral entry, neuraminidase to promote progeny release

31
Q

fever, postauricular and other lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, fine rash

A

rubella vrus, togavirus

32
Q

“blueberry muffin” appearance in newborn

A

congenital rubella infection indicative of extramedullary hematopoesis

33
Q

what diseases to paramyxoviruses cause?

A

Parainfluenza (croup); RSV (bronchiolitis in babies; ribavirin); Measles, Mumps

34
Q

what is common to all paramyxoviruses that aids in their virulence?

A

all make F (fusion) protein that causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells–Pavalizumab is monoclonal ab against F protein (used to prevent RSV infection in premature infants)

35
Q

koplik spots and descending maculopapular rash

A

measles virus–paramyxovirus, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, cough/coryza/conjunctivitis; use vit Ato prevent exfoliative dermatitis in malnourished children

36
Q

paratotitis, orchitis, aseptic meningitis

A

Mumps paramyxovirus

37
Q

bullet shaped virus

A

Rabies–negi bodies found in purkinje cells of cerebellum and in hippocampal neurons–retrograde movement up nerve axons

38
Q

HIV env protein

A

gp120 (docking glycoprotein, attachement to host CD4+ T cells) gp41 (transmembrane glycoprotein, fusion and entry)

39
Q

gag HIV

A

p24–capsid protein

40
Q

HIV pol

A

reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase

41
Q

which receptors on which immune cells does HIV bind to

A

early: HIV binds to CCR5 on CD4+ T cells; late: HIV binds CXCR4; binds CCR5 and CD4 on macrophages; homozygous CCR5 mutation gives immunity to HIV

42
Q

HIV positive adult: low grade fevers, cough, HSM, tongue ulcer, CD4 < 100

A

histoplasma capsulatum (only causes pulmonary symptoms in immunocompetent hosts)

43
Q

HIV positive adult: fluffy white cottage cheese lesions

A

C albicans: mouth if CD4 < 400; esophageal CD4 < 100

44
Q

HIV positive adult: hairy leukoplakia

A

EBV

45
Q

HIV positive adult: superficial vascular proliferation with neutrophilic inflammation

A

bartonella henselae

46
Q

HIV positive adult: chronic water diarrhea with acid fast cysts

A

cryptosporidium CD4 < 200

47
Q

HIV positive adult: encephalopathy

A

JC virus, CD4 < 200

48
Q

HIV positive adult: meningitis

A

cryptococcus, CD < 50

49
Q

HIV positive adult: retinitis and esophagitis

A

CMV, CD4 < 50

50
Q

EBV + HIV associations:

A

non hodgkin large cell lymphoma (often on oropharynx) and primary CNS lymphoma

51
Q

HIV positive adult: cancer on anus

A

SCC, HPV, men who have sex with men

52
Q

HIV positive adult: superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature with lymphocytic inflammation

A

Kaposi HHV8

53
Q

HIV positive adult: pleuritic pain, hemoptysis, infiltrate

A

aspergillus fumigatus

54
Q

HIV positive adult: CD4 < 200, ground glass on imagine

A

PCP

55
Q

HIV positive adult: pneumonia, CD4 > 200

A

S pneumoniae

56
Q

HIV positive adult: TB like disease; CD4 < 50

A

MAC

USMLE Step 1 (36 decks)

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