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USMLE Step 1 > Key Associations Part 1 > Flashcards

Key Associations Part 1 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated w/ CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

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5
Q

Aneurysm, dissecting

A

HTN

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, arch

A

tertiary syphilis (syphilic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

A

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wenicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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10
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell anemia (Hb S)

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11
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

A

H. pylori

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12
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Group B streptococcus/E coli (newborns), S pneumoniae/N meningitidis (kids)

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14
Q

Benign melanocytic nevus

A

Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)

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15
Q

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

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16
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma

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17
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

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18
Q

Breast cancer

A

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

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19
Q

Breast mass

A

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in post menopausal women)

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20
Q

Breast tumor (benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

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21
Q

Cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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22
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (non bacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

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23
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis, primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; “ball and valve”

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24
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

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25
Q

Chronic arrhythmia

A

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

26
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

27
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

28
Q

Compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type 2: elderly man or woman)

29
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

30
Q

Congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

31
Q

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

32
Q

Constrictive pericarditis

A

TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)

33
Q

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > LCA

34
Q

Cretinism

A

Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

35
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Iatrogenic cushing (corticosteroid therapy), adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol), ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma, Paraneoplastic cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

36
Q

Cyanosis (early, less common)

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

37
Q

Cyanosis (late, more common)

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

38
Q

Death in CML

A

Blast crisis

39
Q

Death in SLE

A

Lupus nephropathy

40
Q

Dementia

A

Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts

41
Q

Demyelinating disease in young women

A

Multiple sclerosis

42
Q

DIC

A

severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

43
Q

Dietary deficit

A

Iron

44
Q

Diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

45
Q

Ejection click

A

Aortic/pulmonic stenosis

46
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)

47
Q

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S aureus, B cereus

48
Q

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

49
Q

Gynecologic malignancy

A

Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

50
Q

Heart murmur, congenital

A

Mitral valve prolapse

51
Q

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

52
Q

Helminth infection (US)

A

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

53
Q

Hematoma–epidural

A

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

54
Q

Hematoma–subdural

A

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

55
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, “bronze diabetes”, and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

56
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Cirrhotic liver (associated with Hep B and C and with alcoholism)

57
Q

Hereditary bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand disease

58
Q

Hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

59
Q

HLA B27

A

Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis

60
Q

HLA-DR3 or DR4

A

Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE

USMLE Step 1 (36 decks)

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