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USMLE Step 1 > Key Associations Part 2 > Flashcards

Key Associations Part 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Holosystolic murmur

A

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

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2
Q

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)

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3
Q

Hypertension, secondary

A

Renal disease

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4
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

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5
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

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6
Q

Infection secondary to blood transfusion

A

Hep C

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7
Q

Infectionsin chronic granulomatous disease

A

Staphylococcus aureus, E coli, Aspergillus (catalase +)

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8
Q

Intellectual disability

A

Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

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9
Q

Kidney stone

A

Calcium: radiopaque
Struvite (ammonium): radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus)
Uric acid: radiolucent

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10
Q

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)

A

Eisenmeger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA: results in pulmonary HTN/polycythemia)

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11
Q

Liver disease

A

Alcoholic cirrhosis

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12
Q

Lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher disease

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13
Q

Male cancer

A

Prostatic carcinoma

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14
Q

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

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15
Q

Malignancy (kids)

A

ALL, neuroblastoma (cerebellum)

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16
Q

Metastases to bone

A

Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid

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17
Q

Metastasis to brain

A

Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI

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18
Q

Metastasis to liver

A

Colon&raquo_space; stomach, pancreas

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19
Q

Mitochondrial inheritance

A

Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only

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20
Q

Mitral valve stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease

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21
Q

Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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22
Q

Myocarditis

A

coxsackie B virus

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23
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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24
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

Minimal change disease

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25
Q

Neuron migration failure

A

Kallman syndrome (hypogonadotropic, hypogonadism and anosmia)

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26
Q

Nosocomial pneumonia

A

Klebsiella, E coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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27
Q

Obstruction of male urinary tract

A

BPH

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28
Q

Opening snap

A

mitral stenosis

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29
Q

Opportunistic infection in AIDs

A

PCP pneumonia

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30
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

S aureus

31
Q

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

A

Salmonella

32
Q

Osteomyelitis with IV drug use

A

Pseudomonas, S aureus

33
Q

Ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin secreting signet ring cells)

34
Q

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

A

Serous cystadenoma

35
Q

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

36
Q

Pancreatitis (acute)

A

Gallstones, alcohol

37
Q

Pancreatitis (chronic)

A

Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)

38
Q

Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

ALL: child, CLL: adult > 60, AML: adult ~65, CML: adult 30-60

39
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae

40
Q

Philadelphia chromosome t(9:22) (bcr-abl)

A

CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)

41
Q

Pituitary tumor

A

Prolactinoma, somatotropic “acidophilic” adenoma

42
Q

Primary amenorrhea

A

Turner syndrome (45, XO)

43
Q

Primary bone tumor (adults)

A

Multiple myeloma

44
Q

Primary hyperaldosteronism

A

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

45
Q

Primary hyperPTH

A

Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

46
Q

Primary liver cancer

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency)

47
Q

Pulmonary HTN

A

COPD

48
Q

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremeties

A

Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)

49
Q

Renal tumor

A

Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Landau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)

50
Q

Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

A

Cor pulmonale

51
Q

S3 (protodiastolic gallop)

A

Increased ventricular filling (left to right shunt, mitral regurg, LV failure [CHF])

52
Q

S4 (presystolic gallop)

A

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

53
Q

Secondary hyperPTH

A

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

54
Q

Sexually transmitted disease

A

Chlamydia (usually coninfected with gonorrhea)

55
Q

SIADH

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

56
Q

Site of diverticula

A

Sigmoid colon

57
Q

Sites of atherosclerosis

A

Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

58
Q

Stomach cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

59
Q

Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

A

Zollinger-Elson syndrome (gastrinoma of the duodenum or pancreas)

60
Q

t(14,18)

A

Follicular lymphomas (bcl2 activation, IgH translocation)

61
Q

t(8;14)

A

Burkitt Lymphoma (c-myc activation, IgH)

62
Q

t(9;22)

A

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)

63
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica

64
Q

Testicular tumor

A

Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)

65
Q

Thyroid cancer

A

Papillary carcinoma

66
Q

Tumor in women

A

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

67
Q

Tumor of infancy

A

Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)

68
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

A

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

69
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

A

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

70
Q

Type of Hodgkin

A

Nodular sclerosis (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

71
Q

Type of non-Hodgkin

A

Diffuse large cell

72
Q

UTI

A

E coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

73
Q

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

A

HSV-1

74
Q

Vitamin deficiency (US)

A

Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3-4 mo supply; prevents neural tube defects)

USMLE Step 1 (36 decks)

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