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Medicine Unit 3 > microbiology revision > Flashcards

microbiology revision Flashcards

1
Q

complement system leads to

A

phagocytosis of c3b coated bacteria
inflammation
lysis of microbe

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2
Q

stages of sample processing bacteriology

A

sample
plate onto enrichment media
pick off colonies
plate onto selective/differential agars
pick off colonies
gram stain
definitive ID

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3
Q

catalase test

A

positive for staphylococcus
negative for streptococcus

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4
Q

following a positive catalase test which test would you do

A

coagulase

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5
Q

coagulase test

A

positive staph aureus

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6
Q

following negative coagulase test which test

A

novobiocin sensitivity

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7
Q

positive novobiocin test

A

staph epidermis

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8
Q

negative novobiocin test

A

staph saprophyticus

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9
Q

following negative catalase test which test

A

hemolysis

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10
Q

testing for strep pneumoniae

A

negative catalase
alpha hemolysis positive

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11
Q

testing for s pyogenes

A

negative catalase
beta hemolysis positive

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12
Q

testing for s agalactiae

A

negative catalase
beta hemolysis negative

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13
Q

why do we want to identify pathogens

A

improved treatment and outcomes
more appropriate use of antibiotics
managing outbreaks

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14
Q

what are many class 3 reactions for

A

selective toxicity

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15
Q

antibacterial drug for cell wall synthesis

A

cephalosporins

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16
Q

antibacterial drug for cell wall integrity

A

beta lactamases

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17
Q

antibacterial drug for DNA synthesis

A

metronidazole

18
Q

antibacterial drug for DNA gyros

A

quinolones

19
Q

antibacterial drug for RNA polymerase

A

rifampicin

20
Q

antibacterial drug for phospholipid membrane

A

polymyxins

21
Q

antibacterial drug for protein synthesis, 30S inhibitors

A

tetracyclins

22
Q

antibacterial drug for protein synthesis, 50S inhibitors

A

clindamycin

23
Q

drugs that may overcome resistance

A

co amoxiclav

24
Q

antiviral drugs targeting attachment and entry inhibitors

A

maraviroc

25
Q

antiviral drugs targeting ion channel blockers

A

rimantadine

26
Q

antiviral drugs targeting polymerase inhibitors

A

acyclovir

27
Q

antiviral drugs targeting integrase inhibitors

A

raltegravir

28
Q

antiviral drugs targeting protease inhibitors

A

ritonavir

29
Q

antiviral drugs targeting neuraminidase inhibitors

A

oseltamivir

30
Q

infectious disease control

A

environment
behaviour change
antimicrobial agents
vaccination
public health awareness
surveillance
infection control measures

31
Q

factors in viral pathogenesis

A

effects of viral infection on cells
entry into host
course of infection
cell tropism
cell damage
host immune response
virus clearance or persistence

32
Q

how can cells respond to viral infections

A

no change
death
transformation

33
Q

direct cell damage from viral infection may result from

A

diversion of cells energy
shut off of cell macromolecular synthesis
competition of viral mRNA for cellular ribosomes
competition of viral promotors and transcriptional nhances

34
Q

indirect cell damage can result from

A

integration of viral genome
induction of mutations in host genome
inflammation
host immune response

35
Q

COVID-19 replication

A

spike protein binds to ACE2 receptors
TMPRSS2 and cathepsin cleaves S glycoprotein
enables cell membrane viral fusion and viral RNA release
may create a pore so viral RNA can enter
or may be internalised by endocytosis and uncoated in lysosomal environment
which would release ssRNA into cytosol
viral genome replicated and translated into viral proteins
envelope glycoproteins and process in Golgi
released by vesicular exocytosis

36
Q

what is the influenza a virus

A

enveloped
negative sense
ssRNA

37
Q

influenza viral replication

A

virus adsorbs to respiratory epithelium by hem agglutinin spikes
fuses with the membrane
virus is endocytose into vacuole
releases 8 nucleocapsid segments into cytoplasm
nucleocapsids transported to nucleus
negative sense ran is transcribed t positive sense
translated into viral proteins
positive sense rna synthesises glycoprotein spikes inserted into the host membrane
positive sense rna synthesises new negative sense, assembled into nucleocapsids
transported out of nucleus to cell membrane
release of mature virus, budded off with spiked envelope

38
Q

how would strep pyogenes be identified in the lab

A

sputum sample taken
cultured on general medium, blood agar
look for beta haemolytic colonies
pick off colonies
make smear on slide
gram stain
look for gram positive cocci chains
definitive ID based on API or MALDI

39
Q

alpha hemolysis

A

partial hemolysis
green

40
Q

beta hemolysis

A

complete hemoylsis
clear

Medicine Unit 3 (28 decks)

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