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MICROBIOLOGY > MICROBIOLOGY- Parasitology > Flashcards

MICROBIOLOGY- Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Which protozoa are related to GI infections?

A

Giardia Lamblia

Entamoeba histolytica

Cryptosporidium

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2
Q

Which are the sympotoms cause by this parasite?

A

Bloating, flatulence, foul smelling, fatty diarrhea

It is a thophozoyte in stool

Giardia lamblia

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3
Q

Who are the often patients seen with Giardia Lamblia?

A

Campers/ hikers

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4
Q

Which is the way of transmission of Giardia Lamblia?

A

Cysts in water

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5
Q

How do yo diagnose Giardiasis?

A

Trophozoites or cysts in stool

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6
Q

This is the selected treatment for Giardiasis

A

Metronidazole

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7
Q

How is transmitted this parasite?

A

Cysts in water

Entamoeba Histolytica

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8
Q

Who causes amebiasis?

A

Entamoeba Histolytica

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9
Q

Which are the findings in Amebiasis?

A

Bloody diarrhea (dysentery)

Liver abscess (anchovy paste exudate)

RUQ pain

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

What is shown in hystology if submucosal abscess if colon ruptures?

A

Flask shapped ulcer

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12
Q

What are the black shadows in this parasite?

A

Trophozoite with RBC in the cytoplasm

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13
Q

This is the way to diagnose Amebiasis

A

Serology and/or trophozoites or cysts in stool

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14
Q

Which is the treatment for Amebiasis?

A

Metronidazole

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15
Q

Which is the treatment for asymptomatic cyst passers?

A

Iodoquinol

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16
Q

This parasite can cause severe diarrhea in AIDS

A

Cryptosporidium

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17
Q

How do you diagnose this parasite

A

Oocytes on acid fast stain

Cryptosporidium

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18
Q

How can you prevent Cryptosporidium infection?

A

By filtering city water supplies

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19
Q

Which are the clinical findings in nonimmunocompromised patients?

A

Mild disease (WATERY DIARRHEA)

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20
Q

Which is the treatment for Cryptosporidium in immunocompetent hosts?

A

Nitazoxanide

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21
Q

These protozoa cause CNS infections

A

Toxoplasma gondii

Naegleria fowleri

Trypanosoma brucei

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22
Q

How is transmitted this protozoa?

A

Cysts in meat or oocysts in cat feces

Tachyzoite

Toxoplasma Gondii

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23
Q

Which patients should avoid cats because of the risk of Toxoplasma Gondii infection?

A

Pregnant women because this protozoa can cross placenta

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24
Q

Who can be affected by Toxoplasma Gondii infection?

A

Brain abscess in HIV

Congenital toxoplasmosis

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25
Q

How are seen on CT/MRI lessions caused by Toxoplasma Gondii infection?

A

Ring enhancing brain lesions

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26
Q

Which is the classic triad of congenital toxoplasmosis?

A

Chorioretinitis

Hydrocephalus

Intracraneal calcifications

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27
Q

How is diagnose Toxoplasma Gondii infection?

A

Serology, biopsy (Tachyzoite)

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28
Q

Which is the treatment for Toxoplasma Gondii infection?

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

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29
Q

This protozoa can cause rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis

A

Naegleria fowleri

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30
Q

By swimming in freshwater lakes is how you adquired this parasite

A

Naegleria fowleri

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31
Q

How do you diagnose Naegleria fowleri infection?

A

Amoebas in spinal fluid

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32
Q

For the few survivors of Naegleria fowleri, which is the indicated treatment?

A

Amphotericin B

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33
Q

Which disease is caused by this parasite?

A

African sleeping sickness

Trypanosoma Brucei

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34
Q

What can be seen in the African sleeping sickness?

A

Enlarged lymph nodes

Recurring fever (due to antigen variation)

Somnolence

Coma

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35
Q

Which are the two subtypes of Trypanosoma brucei?

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

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36
Q

What is required to make the diagnosis of Trypanosoma brucei?

A

Blood smear

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37
Q

In case of Trypanosoma brucei infection which is the treatment… and in case of african sleeping sickness?

A

Suramin for blood borne disease or melarsoprolol for CNS penetration

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38
Q

Which Protozoa can cause Hematologic infections?

A

Plamodium

Babesia

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39
Q

Name the most common types of Plasmodium

A

P. vivax/ ovale

P. falciparum

P. malariae

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40
Q

Which is the disease caused by Plasmodium?

A

Malaria

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41
Q

These are the characteristics of Malaria

A

Fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly

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42
Q

Who transmits Plasmodium?

A

Mosquito (Anopheles)

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43
Q

Which is the cycle of P. vivax/ ovale?

A

Tertian; includes fever on first day and third day, thus fevers are actually 48 hr apart; dormant form (hypnozoite) in liver

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44
Q

How many hours last the P. vivax/ ovale cycle

A

48 hr cycle

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45
Q

How do you classify P. falciparum?

A

Severe

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46
Q

Which are the characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum?

A

Irregular fever patterns

Parasitized RBCs

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47
Q

What happens if P. falciparum parasitized RBCs?

A

Oclude capillaries in brain (cerebral malaria), kidneys and lungs

48
Q

How much time does P. malariae cycle lasts?

A

72 hours (quartan)

49
Q

How is diagnosed Plasmodium infection?

A

Blood smear, trophozoite ring fomr within RBC, schizont containing merozoites

51
Q

At the begining what is recomended to treat Plasmodium infection? Why?

A

Chloroquine, which blocks Plasmodiums heme polymerase

52
Q

In case of resistant infection of Plasmodium, what is next?

A

Mefloquine or atovaquone/ proguanil

53
Q

If life threatening what is recomended for treating Plasmodium?

A

Intravenous quinidine

54
Q

Which medicine works to test for G6PD deficiency?

A

Intravenous quinidine

55
Q

In case of P. vivax/ ovale which medicine is pertinent to add in phase of hypnozoite

A

Primaquine

56
Q

Who causes Babesiosis?

57
Q

Which manifestations are seen in Babesiosis?

A

Fever and hemolytic anemia

58
Q

Where is predominantly seeing Babesia?

59
Q

Which factor increases risk of severe disese of Babesiosis?

60
Q

Who transmits Babesia?

A

Ixodes tick

61
Q

Which other mircoorganism other than Babesia is transmited by Ixodes tick?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi of Lyme disease; may often coinfect humans

62
Q

What is necessary to diagnose Babesiosis?

A

Blood smear, ring form, “Maltase cross”

PCR

63
Q

This is the treatment for Babesiosis

A

Atovaquone+azythromycin

64
Q

This protozoa causes Chagas disease

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

65
Q

What characterizes Chagas disease?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Megacolon

Megaesophagus

66
Q

Where is predominantly Trypanosoma cruzi?

A

South America

67
Q

Who transmits Trypanosoma cruzi in Chagas disease?

A

Reduviid bug feces, deposited in a painless bite (much like a kiss)

68
Q

Which other name does Reuvidd bug receives?

A

Kissing bug

69
Q

What makes the dianosis of Chagas disease

A

Blood smear seeing the protozoa

70
Q

What is given to treat Chagas disease?

A

Benznidazole or nifutimox

71
Q

What is seen in this blood smear, and What is the diagnosis?

A

Macrophages containing amastigotes

Leishmania donovani

72
Q

What is the disease caused by Leishmania donovani?

A

Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala azar)

73
Q

These are the characteristics of Visceral Leishmaniasis

A

Spiking fevers

Hepatoslpenomegaly

Pancytopenia

74
Q

This organism transmits Leishmania donovani

75
Q

In order to treat Leishmania donovani infection which medication is given?

A

Amphotericin B

Sodium stibogluconate

76
Q

Which are the characteristics of the vaginitis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Foul smelling

Greenish discharge

Itching

Burning

77
Q

How is Trichomonas vaginalis transmitted?

A

Sexual transmission

78
Q

Why can´t Trichomonas vaginalis exist outside human body?

A

Because it cannot form cysts

79
Q

Which are the characteristics of this protozoa?

A

Trophozoite (motile) on wet mount

80
Q

Clinically how do we diagnose Trichomona vaginalis?

A

Strawberry cervix

81
Q

Which is the treatment and prophylaxis of Trichomona vaginalis?

A

Metronidazole for patient and partner

82
Q

How are classified nematodes?

A

Intestinal

Tissue

83
Q

Which is the form of nematodes?

A

Roundworms

84
Q

Which are the routes of infection of nematodes?

A

Ingested, cutaneous and bites

85
Q

Which nematodes are ingested?

A

Enterobius, Ascaris, Toxocara

86
Q

These nematodes are adquired cutaneously

A

Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Necator

87
Q

Which nematodes route of infection is by bites?

A

Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchererua bancrofti

88
Q

These nematodes are consider intestinal

A

Enterobius vermiculares

Ascaris lumbricoides

Strongyloides stercoralis

Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus

89
Q

Are consider pinworm and are transmitted fecal oral

A

Enterobius vermicularis

90
Q

How do you suspect enterobius vermicularis infection?

A

Intestinal infection causing anal pruritus

91
Q

This is the way to diagnose Enterobius vermicularis infection

A

Via the Scoth Tape infection

92
Q

How is treated Enterobius vermicularis infection?

A

Bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

93
Q

Which other name does Ascaris lumbricoides receives?

A

Giant round worm

94
Q

How is transmited Ascaris lumbricoides?

A

Fecal oral

95
Q

How can you visualized Ascaris lumbricoides eggs?

A

Eggs visible in feces under microscope

96
Q

Which is the treatment for a intestinal infection by ascaris lumbricoides?

A

Bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

97
Q

How is transmitted Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

Larvae in soil penetrate the skin

98
Q

Which are the clinical manifestations of Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

Intestinal infection causing vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain

99
Q

For Strongyloides stercoralis this is the selectected treatment

A

Ivermectin or Albendazole

100
Q

These hookworms Larvae penetrate the skin

A

Ancyclostoma duodenale

Necator americanus

101
Q

Once penetrated the skin, which is the consequences of Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus infection?

A

Intestinal infection causing anemia by sucking blood from intestinal walls

102
Q

In case of a hookworms infection what treatment is recomended?

A

Bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

103
Q

Which organism are nematodes that affect tissues?

A

Onchocerca volvulus

Loa loa

Wuchereria bancrofti

Toxocara canis

104
Q

Who transmits Onchocerca volvulus?

A

Female blackfly bite

105
Q

Once transmitted Onchocerca volvulus by female blackfly bite, which are the clinical manifestations?

A

Hyperpigmented skin and river blindness

106
Q

Which could be possible allergic reactions if infected by Onchocerca vulvulus?

A

Microfilaria

107
Q

Which is the treatment for river blindness caused by Onchocerca volvulus?

A

Ivermectin

108
Q

Who transmitts Loa Loa?

A

Deer fly, horse fly, mando fly

109
Q

Swelling in skin, worm in conjunctiva are characteristics of this nematode

110
Q

Diethylcarbamazine is used to treat these Nematode infection

A

Loa loa

Wuchereria bancrofti

111
Q

Female mosquito transmitis this nematode

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

112
Q

Which is the finding of Wuchereria bancrofti infection?

A

Blocks lymphatic vessels

Elephantiasis

113
Q

After female mosquito bite and transmits Wuchereria bancrofti how much time does it takes to become symptomatic?

A

Takes 9 months - 1 year

114
Q

This nematode is consider a visceral larva migrans

A

Toxocara canis

115
Q

Which is the transmission way for Toxocara canis?

A

Fecal oral

116
Q

Which treatment is given in case of Toxocara canis infection?

A

ALbendazole or mebendazole

MICROBIOLOGY (8 decks)

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