MICROBIOLOGY- Parasitology Flashcards
1
Q
Which protozoa are related to GI infections?
A
Giardia Lamblia
Entamoeba histolytica
Cryptosporidium
2
Q
Which are the sympotoms cause by this parasite?
A
Bloating, flatulence, foul smelling, fatty diarrhea
It is a thophozoyte in stool
Giardia lamblia
3
Q
Who are the often patients seen with Giardia Lamblia?
A
Campers/ hikers
4
Q
Which is the way of transmission of Giardia Lamblia?
A
Cysts in water
5
Q
How do yo diagnose Giardiasis?
A
Trophozoites or cysts in stool
6
Q
This is the selected treatment for Giardiasis
A
Metronidazole
7
Q
How is transmitted this parasite?
A
Cysts in water
Entamoeba Histolytica
8
Q
Who causes amebiasis?
A
Entamoeba Histolytica
9
Q
Which are the findings in Amebiasis?
A
Bloody diarrhea (dysentery)
Liver abscess (anchovy paste exudate)
RUQ pain
10
Q
A
11
Q
What is shown in hystology if submucosal abscess if colon ruptures?
A
Flask shapped ulcer
12
Q
What are the black shadows in this parasite?
A
Trophozoite with RBC in the cytoplasm
13
Q
This is the way to diagnose Amebiasis
A
Serology and/or trophozoites or cysts in stool
14
Q
Which is the treatment for Amebiasis?
A
Metronidazole
15
Q
Which is the treatment for asymptomatic cyst passers?
A
Iodoquinol
16
Q
This parasite can cause severe diarrhea in AIDS
A
Cryptosporidium
17
Q
How do you diagnose this parasite
A
Oocytes on acid fast stain
Cryptosporidium
18
Q
How can you prevent Cryptosporidium infection?
A
By filtering city water supplies
19
Q
Which are the clinical findings in nonimmunocompromised patients?
A
Mild disease (WATERY DIARRHEA)
20
Q
Which is the treatment for Cryptosporidium in immunocompetent hosts?
A
Nitazoxanide
21
Q
These protozoa cause CNS infections
A
Toxoplasma gondii
Naegleria fowleri
Trypanosoma brucei
22
Q
How is transmitted this protozoa?
A
Cysts in meat or oocysts in cat feces
Tachyzoite
Toxoplasma Gondii
23
Q
Which patients should avoid cats because of the risk of Toxoplasma Gondii infection?
A
Pregnant women because this protozoa can cross placenta
24
Q
Who can be affected by Toxoplasma Gondii infection?
A
Brain abscess in HIV
Congenital toxoplasmosis
25
How are seen on CT/MRI lessions caused by Toxoplasma Gondii infection?
Ring enhancing brain lesions
26
Which is the classic triad of congenital toxoplasmosis?
Chorioretinitis
Hydrocephalus
Intracraneal calcifications
27
How is diagnose Toxoplasma Gondii infection?
Serology, biopsy (Tachyzoite)
28
Which is the treatment for Toxoplasma Gondii infection?
Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
29
This protozoa can cause rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis
Naegleria fowleri
30
By swimming in freshwater lakes is how you adquired this parasite
Naegleria fowleri
31
How do you diagnose Naegleria fowleri infection?
Amoebas in spinal fluid
32
For the few survivors of Naegleria fowleri, which is the indicated treatment?
Amphotericin B
33
Which disease is caused by this parasite?
African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma Brucei
34
What can be seen in the African sleeping sickness?
Enlarged lymph nodes
Recurring fever (due to antigen variation)
Somnolence
Coma
35
Which are the two subtypes of Trypanosoma brucei?
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
36
What is required to make the diagnosis of Trypanosoma brucei?
Blood smear
37
In case of Trypanosoma brucei infection which is the treatment... and in case of african sleeping sickness?
Suramin for blood borne disease or melarsoprolol for CNS penetration
38
Which Protozoa can cause Hematologic infections?
Plamodium
Babesia
39
Name the most common types of Plasmodium
P. vivax/ ovale
P. falciparum
P. malariae
40
Which is the disease caused by Plasmodium?
Malaria
41
These are the characteristics of Malaria
Fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly
42
Who transmits Plasmodium?
Mosquito (Anopheles)
43
Which is the cycle of P. vivax/ ovale?
Tertian; includes fever on first day and third day, thus fevers are actually 48 hr apart; dormant form (hypnozoite) in liver
44
How many hours last the P. vivax/ ovale cycle
48 hr cycle
45
How do you classify P. falciparum?
Severe
46
Which are the characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum?
Irregular fever patterns
Parasitized RBCs
47
What happens if P. falciparum parasitized RBCs?
Oclude capillaries in brain (cerebral malaria), kidneys and lungs
48
How much time does P. malariae cycle lasts?
72 hours (quartan)
49
How is diagnosed Plasmodium infection?
Blood smear, trophozoite ring fomr within RBC, schizont containing merozoites
50
51
At the begining what is recomended to treat Plasmodium infection? Why?
Chloroquine, which blocks Plasmodiums heme polymerase
52
In case of resistant infection of Plasmodium, what is next?
Mefloquine or atovaquone/ proguanil
53
If life threatening what is recomended for treating Plasmodium?
Intravenous quinidine
54
Which medicine works to test for G6PD deficiency?
Intravenous quinidine
55
In case of P. vivax/ ovale which medicine is pertinent to add in phase of hypnozoite
Primaquine
56
Who causes Babesiosis?
Babesia
57
Which manifestations are seen in Babesiosis?
Fever and hemolytic anemia
58
Where is predominantly seeing Babesia?
59
Which factor increases risk of severe disese of Babesiosis?
Asplenia
60
Who transmits Babesia?
Ixodes tick
61
Which other mircoorganism other than Babesia is transmited by Ixodes tick?
Borrelia burgdorferi of Lyme disease; may often coinfect humans
62
What is necessary to diagnose Babesiosis?
Blood smear, ring form, "Maltase cross"
PCR
63
This is the treatment for Babesiosis
Atovaquone+azythromycin
64
This protozoa causes Chagas disease
Trypanosoma cruzi
65
What characterizes Chagas disease?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Megacolon
Megaesophagus
66
Where is predominantly Trypanosoma cruzi?
South America
67
Who transmits Trypanosoma cruzi in Chagas disease?
Reduviid bug feces, deposited in a painless bite (much like a kiss)
68
Which other name does Reuvidd bug receives?
Kissing bug
69
What makes the dianosis of Chagas disease
Blood smear seeing the protozoa
70
What is given to treat Chagas disease?
Benznidazole or nifutimox
71
What is seen in this blood smear, and What is the diagnosis?
Macrophages containing amastigotes
Leishmania donovani
72
What is the disease caused by Leishmania donovani?
Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala azar)
73
These are the characteristics of Visceral Leishmaniasis
Spiking fevers
Hepatoslpenomegaly
Pancytopenia
74
This organism transmits Leishmania donovani
Sanfly
75
In order to treat Leishmania donovani infection which medication is given?
Amphotericin B
Sodium stibogluconate
76
Which are the characteristics of the vaginitis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis?
Foul smelling
Greenish discharge
Itching
Burning
77
How is Trichomonas vaginalis transmitted?
Sexual transmission
78
Why can´t Trichomonas vaginalis exist outside human body?
Because it cannot form cysts
79
Which are the characteristics of this protozoa?
Trophozoite (motile) on wet mount
80
Clinically how do we diagnose Trichomona vaginalis?
Strawberry cervix
81
Which is the treatment and prophylaxis of Trichomona vaginalis?
Metronidazole for patient and partner
82
How are classified nematodes?
Intestinal
Tissue
83
Which is the form of nematodes?
Roundworms
84
Which are the routes of infection of nematodes?
Ingested, cutaneous and bites
85
Which nematodes are ingested?
Enterobius, Ascaris, Toxocara
86
These nematodes are adquired cutaneously
Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Necator
87
Which nematodes route of infection is by bites?
Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchererua bancrofti
88
These nematodes are consider intestinal
Enterobius vermiculares
Ascaris lumbricoides
Strongyloides stercoralis
Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus
89
Are consider pinworm and are transmitted fecal oral
Enterobius vermicularis
90
How do you suspect enterobius vermicularis infection?
Intestinal infection causing anal pruritus
91
This is the way to diagnose Enterobius vermicularis infection
Via the Scoth Tape infection
92
How is treated Enterobius vermicularis infection?
Bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
93
Which other name does Ascaris lumbricoides receives?
Giant round worm
94
How is transmited Ascaris lumbricoides?
Fecal oral
95
How can you visualized Ascaris lumbricoides eggs?
Eggs visible in feces under microscope
96
Which is the treatment for a intestinal infection by ascaris lumbricoides?
Bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
97
How is transmitted Strongyloides stercoralis?
Larvae in soil penetrate the skin
98
Which are the clinical manifestations of Strongyloides stercoralis?
Intestinal infection causing vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain
99
For Strongyloides stercoralis this is the selectected treatment
Ivermectin or Albendazole
100
These hookworms Larvae penetrate the skin
Ancyclostoma duodenale
Necator americanus
101
Once penetrated the skin, which is the consequences of Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus infection?
Intestinal infection causing anemia by sucking blood from intestinal walls
102
In case of a hookworms infection what treatment is recomended?
Bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
103
Which organism are nematodes that affect tissues?
Onchocerca volvulus
Loa loa
Wuchereria bancrofti
Toxocara canis
104
Who transmits Onchocerca volvulus?
Female blackfly bite
105
Once transmitted Onchocerca volvulus by female blackfly bite, which are the clinical manifestations?
Hyperpigmented skin and river blindness
106
Which could be possible allergic reactions if infected by Onchocerca vulvulus?
Microfilaria
107
Which is the treatment for river blindness caused by Onchocerca volvulus?
Ivermectin
108
Who transmitts Loa Loa?
Deer fly, horse fly, mando fly
109
Swelling in skin, worm in conjunctiva are characteristics of this nematode
Loa loa
110
Diethylcarbamazine is used to treat these Nematode infection
Loa loa
Wuchereria bancrofti
111
Female mosquito transmitis this nematode
Wuchereria bancrofti
112
Which is the finding of Wuchereria bancrofti infection?
Blocks lymphatic vessels
Elephantiasis
113
After female mosquito bite and transmits Wuchereria bancrofti how much time does it takes to become symptomatic?
Takes 9 months - 1 year
114
This nematode is consider a visceral larva migrans
Toxocara canis
115
Which is the transmission way for Toxocara canis?
Fecal oral
116
Which treatment is given in case of Toxocara canis infection?
ALbendazole or mebendazole
117
