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MICROBIOLOGY > MICROBIOLOGY- Mycology > Flashcards

MICROBIOLOGY- Mycology Flashcards

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1
Q

Which fungus can cause systemic mycoses?

A

Histoplasmosis Blastomycosis Coccidiodomycosis Paracoccidiodomycosis

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2
Q

What can all the systemic mycoses cause?

A

Pneumonia and can diseminate

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3
Q

Which forms do all fungus that cause systemic mycoses can have?

A

All dimorphic fungi: Mold and yeast

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4
Q

Which is the only exception of dimorphic fungi in systemic mycoses?

A

Coccidiodomycosis, which is spherule (not yeast) in tissue

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5
Q

When do the fungus of systemic mycoses stays in its mold form and when in its yeast form?

A

Cold (20ºC)= mold Heat (37ºC)= yeast

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6
Q

Which is the treatment for local infection of Mycoses?

A

Fluconazole or itrazonazole

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7
Q

This is the treatment for systemic mycoses

A

Amphotericin B

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8
Q

Which disease can systemic mycoses mimic?

A

TB (granuloma formation)

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9
Q

Which is the difference of systemic mycoses and TB?

A

Unlike TB, mycoses have no person to person transmission

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10
Q

Which places are endemic of Histoplasmosis?

A

Mississippi and Ohio River valleys

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11
Q

How is Histoplasmosis seen in the microscope?

A

Macrophage filled with Histoplasma (smaller than RBC)

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12
Q

How is transmitted histoplasmosis?

A

Birds and Bats drooppings

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13
Q

Patient with pneumonia, this is what we see in the microscope

A

Macrophage filled with Histoplasma

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14
Q

Where is more common this pathogen?

A

It is Broad base budding of Blastomycosis (same size as RBC)

States of Mississipi River and Central America

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15
Q

Which could be the complications of Blastomycosis?

A

Causes inflammatory lung disease and can disseminate to skin and bone

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16
Q

Clinically how do we identify Blastomycosis?

A

Forms granulomatous nodules

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17
Q

Which could be the complications of this pathogen?

A

Coccidioidomycosis spherule (much larger than RBC) filled with endospores

Causes pneumonia and meningitis

Can diseminate to bone and skin

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18
Q

Which other names does Coccidoidomycosis receives?

A

San Joaquin Valley fever

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19
Q

Where is endemic Coccidiodomycosis?

A

Southwestern United States and California

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20
Q

When is increase the case rate of Coccidiodomycosis?

A

After earthquakes (spores dust are thrown up in the air and become spherules in lungs)

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21
Q

What can desert bumps caused by Coccidiodomycosis produce?

A

Erythema nodosum

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22
Q

Which are the clynical symptoms caused by “Desert rheumatism” caused by Coccidiodomycosis?

A

Arthralgias

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23
Q

What do you suspect after seeing this pathogen?

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Budding yeast with “captains wheel” formation (much larger than RBC)

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24
Q

Where is more common paracoccidioidomycosis?

A

Latin America

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25
Q

Which are examples of cutaneous mycoses?

A

Tinea versicolor

Other Tineae

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26
Q

Which is the microorganisms that causes Tinea versicolor?

A

Caused by Malassezia furfur

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27
Q

Which is the clinical findings in Tinea versicolor?

A

Hypopigmented and/or hyperpigmented patches

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28
Q

What is affected in Tenia versicolor?

A

Degradation of lipids produces acid that damage melanocytes

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29
Q

Which weather conditions are necessary for Malassezia furfur?

A

Occurs in hot, humid weather

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30
Q

What is seen in this microscopy?

A

Malassezia Furfur. Spaghetti and meatball appearance

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31
Q

Which is the medical treatment given to Tinea versicolor?

A

Topical miconazole, selenium sulfide (Selsun)

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32
Q

Name the other tinea

A

Tinea pedis (foot)

Tinea cruris (groin)

Tinea corporis (ringworm, on body)

Tinea capitis (head, scalp)

Tinea Unguium (onychomycosis, on fingernails)

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33
Q

Who are consider dermatophytes?

A

Microsporum

Trichophyton

Epidermophyton

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34
Q

Which is the clinica of dermatophytes?

A

Pruritic lesions with central clearing resembling a ring

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35
Q

Which lab can help to see the dermatophytes?

A

See mold hypae in KOH prep, not dimorphic

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36
Q

Which are consider oportunistic fungal infectios?

A

Candida albicans

Aspergillus fumugatus

Cryptococcus neoformans

Mucor and rizopus spp

Pneumocystis jirovecci

Sporothrix schenckii

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37
Q

How is cataloged Candida albicans?

A

Systemic or superficial fungal infection

Dimorphic yeast

Pseudohyphae and budding yeast at 20º C

38
Q

Which are the clinical manifestations of Candida albicans?

A

Oral and esophageal thrush in immunocompromised

Vulvovaginitis

Diaper rash

Endocarditis in IV drug users

Diseminated candidiasis

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

39
Q

Who are at higher risk of Oral and esophageal trush by Candida albicans?

A

Immunocompromised

Neonates, steroids, diabetes, AIDS

40
Q

Which patients are at higher risk of vulvovaginitis infection by Candida albicans?

A

Diabetic and Antibiotics

41
Q

Which is the treatment for vaginal candidiasis?

A

Topical azole

42
Q

Which is the treatment of esophageal or oral candidiasis?

A

Fluconazole

Caspofungin

43
Q

In case of systemic candidiasis, which is the treatment?

A

Fluconazole

Amphotericin B

Caspofungin

44
Q

What do you suspect if you see this microorganism?

A

Pseudohyphae

Candida Albicans

45
Q

Who are at higher risk for invasive aspergilosis?

A

Immunocompromissed and those with chronic granulomatous disease

46
Q

Which could be the clinical manifestations of Aspergillus fumigatus?

A

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)

47
Q

Which diseases are associated to Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis?

A

Asthma and cystic fibrosis

48
Q

If associated with asthma and cystic fibrosis, What can Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis cause?

A

Bronchiectasis and eosinophilia

49
Q

When are more common the Aspergillomas in lungs cavities?

A

After TB infection

50
Q

Who produces Aflatoxins?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

51
Q

Aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus are associated to…

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

52
Q

Is Aspergillus a dimorphic fungus?

A

NO

53
Q

What is seen in the microscope?

A

Septate hyphae that brancj at 45º angle

Aspergillus fumigatus

54
Q

What do you suspect after seeing this in the microscope?

A

Conidiophore with radiating chain of spores

Aspergillus fumigatus

55
Q

How do you classify Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Heavily encapsulated yeast. Not dimorphic

56
Q

Which diseases are caused by Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Cryptococcal meningitis

Cryptococcosis

57
Q

Where is foun cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Found in soil

Pigeon droppings

58
Q

How is adquired and which is the progress of Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Acquired through inhalation with hematogenous dissemination to meninges

59
Q

Which is the special culture for Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Sabouraud agar

60
Q

Which stains help for Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Stains with India ink and mucicarmine

61
Q

Which test is more specific for Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Latex agglutination test

62
Q

What does the latex agglutination test detects of Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Polysaccharide capsular antigen

63
Q

Which kind of lesions can Crypococcus neoformans cause in the brain?

A

Soap bubble lesions in brain

64
Q

Is this fungus consider dimorphic

A

No, it isn´t dimorphic

5-10 m yest with wide capsular halos and unequal budding in india ink stain

Cryptococcus neoformans

65
Q

Which disease can Mucor and Rhizopus cause?

A

Mucormycosis

66
Q

Which patiens are at higher risk for mucormycosis?

A

Ketoacidotic diabetic and leukemic patients

67
Q

What happens to the mucor and rhizopus when there is excess ketone and glucose?

A

Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls, penetrate cribiform plate and enter brain

68
Q

Once penetrated the cribiform plate by Mucormycosis, what can we see?

A

Rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscesses

69
Q

Which are the clinicial findings of Mucormycosis?

A

Headache

Facial pain

Black necrotic eschar on face

Cranial nerve involvement

70
Q

This is the treatment for Mucormycosis

A

Amphotericin B

71
Q

Describe what you see in this image

A

Irregular broad nonseptate hyphar branching at wide angles

72
Q

Which stain is used for this fungus?

A

Methenamina silver stain of lung tissue

Disc shaped forms

Pneumocystis jirovecii

73
Q

Which disease can pneumocystis jirovecii causes?

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

74
Q

Which pneumonia can pneumocystis jirovecii cause?

A

A diffuse interstitial pneumonia

75
Q

How do you classify pneumocystis jirovecii?

A

Yeast (originally classified as protozoan)

76
Q

Who is pneumocystis jirovecii adquired?

A

Inhalation

77
Q

Which symptoms can pneumocystis jirovecii causes?

A

Most infections asymptomatic

78
Q

Which patients are predisposed to have Pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

Immunosuppresed (AIDS)

79
Q

Which apperance does Pneumocystis pneumonia has in CXR?

A

Diffuse bilateral apperance

80
Q

Who is diagnosed Pneumocystus jirovecci?

A

By lung biopsy or lavage

81
Q

Which treatment is given to Pneumocystis jirovecii infection?

A

TMP-SMX, pentamidine

82
Q

Which is the selected prophylaxis treatment for Pneumocystis jirovecii?

A

Dapsone

Atovaquone

83
Q

When is administer the prophylaxis treatmet for Pneumocystis jirovecii?

A

Start when CD4 count drops <200 cells / mm3 in HIV patients

84
Q

Which disease can this fungus cause?

A

Sporothichosis

cigar shaped budding yeast

Sporothrix schenckii

85
Q

Where does sporothrix schenckii lives?

A

Vegetation

86
Q

Is sporothrix schenckii a dimorphic fungus?

A

Yes

87
Q

How is adquired sporothrix schenckii?

A

Traumatically introduced into the skin, typically by a thorn

88
Q

What is the Rose gardener´s disease?

A

When sporothrix schenckii are traumatically introduced into the skin typically by a thorn

89
Q

Afer sporothrix schenckii is introduce through the skin what happens next?

A

Causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics (ascending lymphangitis)

90
Q

Which is the treatment for sporothrix schenckii?

A

Itraconazole of potassium iodide

MICROBIOLOGY (8 decks)

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