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MICROBIOLOGY- Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Which fungus can cause systemic mycoses?

A

Histoplasmosis Blastomycosis Coccidiodomycosis Paracoccidiodomycosis

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2
Q

What can all the systemic mycoses cause?

A

Pneumonia and can diseminate

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3
Q

Which forms do all fungus that cause systemic mycoses can have?

A

All dimorphic fungi: Mold and yeast

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4
Q

Which is the only exception of dimorphic fungi in systemic mycoses?

A

Coccidiodomycosis, which is spherule (not yeast) in tissue

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5
Q

When do the fungus of systemic mycoses stays in its mold form and when in its yeast form?

A

Cold (20ºC)= mold Heat (37ºC)= yeast

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6
Q

Which is the treatment for local infection of Mycoses?

A

Fluconazole or itrazonazole

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7
Q

This is the treatment for systemic mycoses

A

Amphotericin B

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8
Q

Which disease can systemic mycoses mimic?

A

TB (granuloma formation)

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9
Q

Which is the difference of systemic mycoses and TB?

A

Unlike TB, mycoses have no person to person transmission

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10
Q

Which places are endemic of Histoplasmosis?

A

Mississippi and Ohio River valleys

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11
Q

How is Histoplasmosis seen in the microscope?

A

Macrophage filled with Histoplasma (smaller than RBC)

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12
Q

How is transmitted histoplasmosis?

A

Birds and Bats drooppings

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13
Q

Patient with pneumonia, this is what we see in the microscope

A

Macrophage filled with Histoplasma

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14
Q

Where is more common this pathogen?

A

It is Broad base budding of Blastomycosis (same size as RBC)

States of Mississipi River and Central America

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15
Q

Which could be the complications of Blastomycosis?

A

Causes inflammatory lung disease and can disseminate to skin and bone

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16
Q

Clinically how do we identify Blastomycosis?

A

Forms granulomatous nodules

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17
Q

Which could be the complications of this pathogen?

A

Coccidioidomycosis spherule (much larger than RBC) filled with endospores

Causes pneumonia and meningitis

Can diseminate to bone and skin

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18
Q

Which other names does Coccidoidomycosis receives?

A

San Joaquin Valley fever

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19
Q

Where is endemic Coccidiodomycosis?

A

Southwestern United States and California

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20
Q

When is increase the case rate of Coccidiodomycosis?

A

After earthquakes (spores dust are thrown up in the air and become spherules in lungs)

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21
Q

What can desert bumps caused by Coccidiodomycosis produce?

A

Erythema nodosum

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22
Q

Which are the clynical symptoms caused by “Desert rheumatism” caused by Coccidiodomycosis?

A

Arthralgias

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23
Q

What do you suspect after seeing this pathogen?

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Budding yeast with “captains wheel” formation (much larger than RBC)

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24
Q

Where is more common paracoccidioidomycosis?

A

Latin America

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25
Which are examples of cutaneous mycoses?
Tinea versicolor Other Tineae
26
Which is the microorganisms that causes Tinea versicolor?
Caused by Malassezia furfur
27
Which is the clinical findings in Tinea versicolor?
Hypopigmented and/or hyperpigmented patches
28
What is affected in Tenia versicolor?
Degradation of lipids produces acid that damage melanocytes
29
Which weather conditions are necessary for Malassezia furfur?
Occurs in hot, humid weather
30
What is seen in this microscopy?
Malassezia Furfur. Spaghetti and meatball appearance
31
Which is the medical treatment given to Tinea versicolor?
Topical miconazole, selenium sulfide (Selsun)
32
Name the other tinea
Tinea pedis (foot) Tinea cruris (groin) Tinea corporis (ringworm, on body) Tinea capitis (head, scalp) Tinea Unguium (onychomycosis, on fingernails)
33
Who are consider dermatophytes?
Microsporum Trichophyton Epidermophyton
34
Which is the clinica of dermatophytes?
Pruritic lesions with central clearing resembling a ring
35
Which lab can help to see the dermatophytes?
See mold hypae in KOH prep, not dimorphic
36
Which are consider oportunistic fungal infectios?
Candida albicans Aspergillus fumugatus Cryptococcus neoformans Mucor and rizopus spp Pneumocystis jirovecci Sporothrix schenckii
37
How is cataloged Candida albicans?
Systemic or superficial fungal infection Dimorphic yeast Pseudohyphae and budding yeast at 20º C
38
Which are the clinical manifestations of Candida albicans?
Oral and esophageal thrush in immunocompromised Vulvovaginitis Diaper rash Endocarditis in IV drug users Diseminated candidiasis Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
39
Who are at higher risk of Oral and esophageal trush by Candida albicans?
Immunocompromised Neonates, steroids, diabetes, AIDS
40
Which patients are at higher risk of vulvovaginitis infection by Candida albicans?
Diabetic and Antibiotics
41
Which is the treatment for vaginal candidiasis?
Topical azole
42
Which is the treatment of esophageal or oral candidiasis?
Fluconazole Caspofungin
43
In case of systemic candidiasis, which is the treatment?
Fluconazole Amphotericin B Caspofungin
44
What do you suspect if you see this microorganism?
Pseudohyphae Candida Albicans
45
Who are at higher risk for invasive aspergilosis?
Immunocompromissed and those with chronic granulomatous disease
46
Which could be the clinical manifestations of Aspergillus fumigatus?
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
47
Which diseases are associated to Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis?
Asthma and cystic fibrosis
48
If associated with asthma and cystic fibrosis, What can Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis cause?
Bronchiectasis and eosinophilia
49
When are more common the Aspergillomas in lungs cavities?
After TB infection
50
Who produces Aflatoxins?
Aspergillus fumigatus
51
Aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus are associated to...
Hepatocellular carcinoma
52
Is Aspergillus a dimorphic fungus?
NO
53
What is seen in the microscope?
Septate hyphae that brancj at 45º angle Aspergillus fumigatus
54
What do you suspect after seeing this in the microscope?
Conidiophore with radiating chain of spores Aspergillus fumigatus
55
How do you classify Cryptococcus neoformans?
Heavily encapsulated yeast. Not dimorphic
56
Which diseases are caused by Cryptococcus neoformans?
Cryptococcal meningitis Cryptococcosis
57
Where is foun cryptococcus neoformans?
Found in soil Pigeon droppings
58
How is adquired and which is the progress of Cryptococcus neoformans?
Acquired through inhalation with hematogenous dissemination to meninges
59
Which is the special culture for Cryptococcus neoformans?
Sabouraud agar
60
Which stains help for Cryptococcus neoformans?
Stains with India ink and mucicarmine
61
Which test is more specific for Cryptococcus neoformans?
Latex agglutination test
62
What does the latex agglutination test detects of Cryptococcus neoformans?
Polysaccharide capsular antigen
63
Which kind of lesions can Crypococcus neoformans cause in the brain?
Soap bubble lesions in brain
64
Is this fungus consider dimorphic
No, it isn´t dimorphic 5-10 m yest with wide capsular halos and unequal budding in india ink stain Cryptococcus neoformans
65
Which disease can Mucor and Rhizopus cause?
Mucormycosis
66
Which patiens are at higher risk for mucormycosis?
Ketoacidotic diabetic and leukemic patients
67
What happens to the mucor and rhizopus when there is excess ketone and glucose?
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls, penetrate cribiform plate and enter brain
68
Once penetrated the cribiform plate by Mucormycosis, what can we see?
Rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscesses
69
Which are the clinicial findings of Mucormycosis?
Headache Facial pain Black necrotic eschar on face Cranial nerve involvement
70
This is the treatment for Mucormycosis
Amphotericin B
71
Describe what you see in this image
Irregular broad nonseptate hyphar branching at wide angles
72
Which stain is used for this fungus?
Methenamina silver stain of lung tissue Disc shaped forms Pneumocystis jirovecii
73
Which disease can pneumocystis jirovecii causes?
Pneumocystis pneumonia
74
Which pneumonia can pneumocystis jirovecii cause?
A diffuse interstitial pneumonia
75
How do you classify pneumocystis jirovecii?
Yeast (originally classified as protozoan)
76
Who is pneumocystis jirovecii adquired?
Inhalation
77
Which symptoms can pneumocystis jirovecii causes?
Most infections asymptomatic
78
Which patients are predisposed to have Pneumocystis pneumonia?
Immunosuppresed (AIDS)
79
Which apperance does Pneumocystis pneumonia has in CXR?
Diffuse bilateral apperance
80
Who is diagnosed Pneumocystus jirovecci?
By lung biopsy or lavage
81
Which treatment is given to Pneumocystis jirovecii infection?
TMP-SMX, pentamidine
82
Which is the selected prophylaxis treatment for Pneumocystis jirovecii?
Dapsone Atovaquone
83
When is administer the prophylaxis treatmet for Pneumocystis jirovecii?
Start when CD4 count drops \<200 cells / mm3 in HIV patients
84
Which disease can this fungus cause?
Sporothichosis cigar shaped budding yeast Sporothrix schenckii
85
Where does sporothrix schenckii lives?
Vegetation
86
Is sporothrix schenckii a dimorphic fungus?
Yes
87
How is adquired sporothrix schenckii?
Traumatically introduced into the skin, typically by a thorn
88
What is the Rose gardener´s disease?
When sporothrix schenckii are traumatically introduced into the skin typically by a thorn
89
Afer sporothrix schenckii is introduce through the skin what happens next?
Causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics (ascending lymphangitis)
90
Which is the treatment for sporothrix schenckii?
Itraconazole of potassium iodide

MICROBIOLOGY (8 decks)

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