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Reproduction Y3 > Microbiology of Reproductive Health/STI’s > Flashcards

Microbiology of Reproductive Health/STI’s Flashcards

1
Q

Neisseria gonnorhoeae common ages affected?

A

Infection mostly found in people ages 15-49

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2
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is sexually transmitted. True/false?

A

True

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3
Q

What type of bacteria is Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

Gram negative diplococci

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4
Q

How is Neisseria gonorrhoeae screened?

A

Screen by PCR

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5
Q

What can Neisseria gonnorhoeae cause?

A

Urthritis (urethral inflammation)
Cervicitis
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Pharyngitis
Proctitis (anal inflammation)
Disseminated disease (entry of pathogen into host, multiplication and spread leading to disease)

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6
Q

Antibiotic treatment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

Ceftriaxone
Azithromycin

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7
Q

Most common people affected by chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Most common in women ages 15-24

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8
Q

Is chlamydia trachomatis sexually transmitted?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis infections can never resolve on its own. True/false?

A

False

Up to 50% of infections resolves untreated after ~ 12 months

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10
Q

Clinical features of chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Increased vaginal discharge
Post-coital bleeding
Dysuria (painful/difficult urination)
Dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse)
Rectal pain

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11
Q

Complications of chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease
Salpingitis (fallopian tube inflammation)
Endometritis (inflammation of endometrium)
Ectopic pregnancy
Reactive arthritis

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12
Q

Testing for chlamydia trachomatis?

A

NAAT (nucleic acid amplification testing)

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13
Q

Treatment of chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Doxycycline or azithromycin

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14
Q

What is contact tracing?

A

Required in cases involving chlamydia trachomatis and others.

Process of identifying, assessing and managing people who have been exposed to a disease to prevent additional transmission

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15
Q

What is lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)?

A

A sexually transmitted disease/infection involving lymph glands of the genital area and is caused by particular strand of chlamydia

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16
Q

What particular strain of chlamydia causes LGV?

A

Mainly Serovar L2 (can also be caused by L1 and L3)

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17
Q

Clinical features of LGV?

A

Painless ulcers and/or haemorrhagic proctitis (anal inflammation)
Pharyngitis
Lymphadenopathy (often unilateral)

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18
Q

Are anaerobes STI’s?

A

No

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19
Q

Main anaerobe bacteria?

A

Gardnerella vaginalis
Prevotells sp
Mobiluncus sp
Atopobium sp

20
Q

Testing of anaerobe bacteria?

A

Gram stain

21
Q

Treatment of anaerobe bacteria?

A

Metronidazole oral or gel
Clindamycin cream

22
Q

Mycoplasma genitalium is not stainable. Why?

A

Lacks cell walls

23
Q

Mycoplasma genitalium is sexually transmitted. True/false?

A

True

24
Q

Testing of mycoplasma genitalium?

A

NAAT

25
Q

Clinical conditions that can be caused by mycoplasma genitalium?

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Urethritis

26
Q

Treatment of mycoplasma genitalium?

A

Doxycycline or moxifloxacin

27
Q

Ureaplasma is sexually transmitted. True/false?

A

True

28
Q

Clinical conditions caused by ureaplasma?

A

Urethritis
Epididymitis
Prostatitis

29
Q

Best investigation for ureaplasma?

A

PCR

30
Q

Treponema pallidum causes what condition?

A

Syphilis

31
Q

Is treponema pallidum sexually transmitted?

A

Yes

Sexually transmitted via blood transfusion or during pregnancy

32
Q

Treponema pallidum can’t be seen during routine microscopy. Why?

A

Dark background on microscopy

33
Q

Testing for treponema pallidum?

A

PCR from lesion sample

34
Q

Clinical features caused by treponema pallidum (syphilis)

A

Primary: Chancre, resolves over 3-8 weeks

Secondary in 25% of untreated primary:
* Rash including palms and soles
* Mucous pathes
* Condylomata lata
* Hepatitis, slenomegaly, glomerulonephritis

35
Q

Treatment for treponema pallidum?

A

Benzathine penicillin

36
Q

How many types of herpes simplex?

A

2 types

HSV-1 and HSV-2

37
Q

Main transmission for HSV-1?

A

Mainly transmitted via oral-to-oral contact = “cold sores”

38
Q

Main transmission for HSV-2?

A

Mainly sexually transmitted = genital herpes with lesions

39
Q

Most HSV infections are asymptomatic. True/false?

A

True

40
Q

Complications of HSV-2?

A

Increases risk of HIV transmission
3x
Severe disease in
immunocompromised people:
• Frequent recurrences
• HSV-1 - keratitis
• HSV-1 - encephalitis
• HSV-2 - Meningoencephalitis
• Dissemintated infection

Neonatal herpes
• Globally 10/100 000 births
• Primary herpes in mother late in pregnancy => highest risk

41
Q

Treatment for HSV-2?

A

Aciclovir and valaciclovir

Prevention is key

42
Q

What HPV types cause 70% of cervical cancers?

A

HPV 16 and 18

43
Q

What HPV types cause genital warts?

A

HPV 6 and 11

44
Q

What virus causes chickenpox in <10 yr old children?

A

Varicella zoster

45
Q

Is varicella zoster an sti?

A

No

46
Q

Varicella zoster complications?

A

Complications of primary infection:
• Pneumonia
• Encephalitis
• Pregnancy: fetal injury
Complications of recurrent infection:
• Lasting nerve damage
• Visual impairment

Treatment for sever cases with aciclovir
Vaccination available (attenuated “live” vaccine)

Reproduction Y3 (78 decks)

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