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Exam 2: DHHD 5001 > Microbiology of Caries (Amaechi 2) > Flashcards

Microbiology of Caries (Amaechi 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Discovery of microbes: _________ (1632-1723) developed the microscope and was the first to discover oral bacterial flora: “I didn’t clean my teeth for three days and then took the material that had lodged in small amounts on the gums above my front teeth…. I found a few living animalcules..”

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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2
Q

Oral cavity of man is _____ at birth.

A

sterile

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3
Q

The oral microorganisms are acquired shortly after birth. A significant alteration in these microorganisms occurs _____ (predentate) and _____ (dentate) tooth eruption.

A

before and after

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4
Q

Gram positive bacteria of human oral flora

A

-Streptococcal spp.: S. salivarius S. sanguis S. mutans* S. milleri -Non-Streptococcal spp.: Actinomyces spp.* Corynebacterium spp. Lactobacillus spp.* Staphylococcus spp.

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5
Q

Gram-negative bacteria of human oral flora

A

Bacteroides spp. Fusobacterium spp. Neisseria spp. Veillonella spp. Haemophilus spp.

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6
Q

The major organisms associated with dental caries in man are…

A

-Streptococci (particularly S. mutans) -Lactobacilli -Actinomyces -Bifidobacteria (more recently)

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7
Q

S. mutans was first recognized as cariogenic bacteria by ______ in 1924 when he isolated it from a caries lesion.

A

JK Clarke

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8
Q

_____ (1970) went further to define 5 serotypes a, b, c, d, e, (f, g and h subsequently added) based on serological specificity of carbohydrate antigens.

A

Bratthall

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9
Q

Strep. species associated with caries are…

A

-S. mutans: c, e, f -S. sobrinus: d, g, h

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10
Q

S. mutans serotype ___ causes caries on all types of surfaces

A

C

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11
Q

Virulence factors of SM as caries-inducing organisms includes expression of surface antigen ______.

A

Adhesin

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12
Q

Virulence factors of SM as caries-inducing organisms includes expression of ________ and ________.

A

-Glucosyltransferase (gtf B,C, D) -Fructosyltransferase (ftf)

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13
Q

Virulence factors of SM as caries-inducing organisms includes expression of _________.

A

Glucan binding proteins (GBP)

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14
Q

Virulence factors of SM as caries-inducing organisms includes acidogenicity, such as efficient and faster _______ and production of _______.

A

-Sucrose metabolism -Stronger acid

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15
Q

Virulence factors of SM as caries-inducing organisms includes dual metabolic systems for adaptation to _________.

A

High and low sugar concentrations

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16
Q

Bacterial metabolic systems: Proton-motive force (PMF) system - ____ affinity sugar uptake system activated by a proton motive force (pmf) and operates at _____ pH.

A

-Low -Low pH

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17
Q

Bacterial metabolic systems: PMF is possessed by Streptococci, especially ______; it allows the cell to continue to transport and metabolize sugars under acidic conditions which are unfavorable to other bacteria.

A

S. mutans

18
Q

Bacterial metabolic systems: Phosphotransferase (PTS) system - a ____ affinity sugar uptake mechanism driven by phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) and operates at _____ pH.

A

-High -Neutral

19
Q

Streptococci do not possess the enzymes of the Kreb’s cycle or cytochromes, so they produce energy via _________.

A

Anaerobic glycolysis

20
Q

Streptococci do not possess the enzymes of the Kreb’s cycle or cytochromes, so they produce energy via _________.

A

Anaerobic glycolysis

21
Q

-Strep. mutans -Lactobacilli -Ferment sugars producing 90% or more lactic acid as their end products

A

Homofermentative bacteria

22
Q

-Produce mixture of metabolites including organic acids -E.g. acetic, formic, propionic, butyric, succinic acids

A

Heterofermentative bacteria

23
Q

Virulence factors of SM as caries-inducing organisms includes the ability to survive and multiply at acidic pH, also known as ______.

A

Aciduricity

24
Q

Lactobacilli

A

-Acidogenic (Homofermentative: L. casei, L. acidophilus; Heterofermentative: L. fermentum) -Aciduric

25
Q

Lactobacilli can be found in the saliva and dental plaque, usually present in high numbers when something is wrong, such as…

A

caries, dry mouth, poor oral hygiene, frequent sugar consumption

26
Q

Lactobacilli is associated with ________ caries lesions & its progression and are associated with _______ caries.

A

-Established -Deep dentinal

27
Q

Do not adhere to tooth surfaces; they need ________ (Pits/fissures, Cavities, Orthodontic devices).

A

Retention niches

28
Q

Lactobacilli is found in the _____ when open cavities present and only makes up a _____ fraction of plaque flora (1 in 10^4).

A

-Saliva -Minor

29
Q

Significant correlation b/w _______ and the lactobacilli count in both children and adults

A

caries lesions

30
Q

Recent study reported that the presence of _________, not S. mutans, was associated with caries occurrence.

A

Visible plaque

31
Q

Actinomyces

A

-Gram + rods/filaments -Facultative anaerobes: A. naeslundii, A. viscosus -Strict anaerobes: A. israelli, A. odontolyticus

32
Q

Characteristics of Actinomyces as caries inducing organisms include ________, mostly lactic acids also acetic, succinic, formic.

A

Glucose fermenters

33
Q

Actinomyces spp predominate in _______ plaque

A

sub-gingival

34
Q

_______ and ________ has also related with root caries.

A

A. viscosus and A. naeslundii

35
Q

________ may constitute 50% of organisms in plaque of children

A

Actinomyces

36
Q

_________ has been linked with early stages of demineralization

A

A. odontolyticus

37
Q

______ are rather new as caries-associated microorganisms. Detected in higher proportions and frequency than ______ and Produce extracellular polysaccharides, so could form biofilm (_________).

A

-Bifidobacteria -S. mutans -Dental plaque

38
Q

______ and ______ are significantly associated with caries. They are found in high numbers in caries lesions of children and adults. Salivary bifidobacteria is _____-associated in older adults .

A

-B. dentium and Scardovia wiggsiae -Caries

39
Q

________ levels were positively associated with the number of filled and decayed tooth surfaces (DFS). Bifidobacteria were isolated from saliva, supragingival plaque, and infected dentin.

A

Salivary Bifidobacteria

40
Q

Found in _______ lesions in adults and ________ in adults and children.

A

-root caries -occlusal lesions

41
Q

These information suggest that bifidobacteria may play a role in the progression of __________ in both children and adults.

A

Occlusal caries lesions

42
Q

Mecahnism of glucosyl transferase, frutosyl transferase, and invertase.

A

Exam 2: DHHD 5001 (14 decks)

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