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Exam 2: DHHD 5001 > Intro to Cariology (Amaechi 1) > Flashcards

Intro to Cariology (Amaechi 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Nature of any disease determines ______, ______, and ______.

A
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
  • Prevention
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2
Q

Definition:
Caries –> ______
Dental caries –> ________

A
  • Rot (Decay)

- Decay of the teeth

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3
Q

Caries are the progressive destruction of mineralized tissues of teeth (enamel, dentin, or cementum) initiated by _______ on __________ at the ______.

A
  • Microbial activity
  • Fermentable dietary carbohydrates
  • Tooth surface
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4
Q

Caries are NOT ______, ______, and ______.

A
  • Erosion
  • Abrasion
  • Attrition
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5
Q

Demineralization of the tooth tissue occurs under _____ condition, while remineralization occurs under ______ condition.

A
  • Acidic

- Neutral

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6
Q

A caries lesion results when the rate of _______ exceeds the rate of ________ over an extended period of time. Leads to _______ (white spot lesion).

A
  • Demineralization
  • Remineralization
  • Early or incipient caries
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7
Q

After a white-spot lesion is formed, a ______ lesion (overt or frank lesion) can develop.

A

Cavitated

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8
Q

Once a cavitated lesion forms, there can be _____ involvement and ______ invasion. This can lead to _____ (pain) and _____ death. In some cases, _____ tissues can be infected and an _____ can form.

A
  • Dentin
  • Bacterial
  • Pulpitis
  • Pulp
  • Periapical
  • Abscess
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9
Q

Current conception of caries etiology

A
  • Host
  • Agent
  • Environment
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10
Q

3 Primary factors in caries etiology:

  • Agent: _______
  • Host: _______
  • Environment: _______
A
  • Cariogenic “bacteria” (in dental plaque)
  • Susceptible “tooth surface”
  • Substrate (“diet”) (fermentable carbohydrate)
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11
Q

Cariogenic bacterial plaque + suitable local substrate = ________

A

Organic acids

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12
Q

Organic acids (in plaque) + Tooth tissue = ________

A

Loss of tooth mineral

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13
Q

Demineralized tooth tissue + Bacterial proteolytic enzymes = _______

A

Cavitation

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14
Q

In the 3 primary factors in caries etiology, the substrate could be one’s ______.

A

Diet

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15
Q

When the proportion of s. mutans is greater than _____ in plaque, a patient is at high risk for caries.

A

10%

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16
Q

Caries is a _____ infectious _____ disease.

A
  • Transmissible

- Bacterial

17
Q

The oral cavity of man is sterile at birth, but 3 month old infants were found to be infected with ______ associated with developmental oral nodules.

A

S. mutans

18
Q

Infection with SM early in childhood is by transmission from _______, _______, or _______.

A
  • Parents
  • Playmates
  • Carers
19
Q

Mode of transmission includes any behavior allowing contact with _______, such as kissing, pacifiers cleaned in mother’s mouth, pre-tasting, sucking adult fingers, and sharing food or utensils.

A

Adult saliva

20
Q

Successful oral implantation is related to the magnitude of inoculum, which includes high ______ level and poor ______ in mother.

A
  • S. mutans

- Oral hygiene

21
Q

Early infection of infant with SM is associated with high and early caries activity in childhood. Control should start before the birth of a child by control of ______ in the mother and potential carers.

A

Caries activities

22
Q

Caries is dependent on dietary _____ and _____ of eating.

A
  • Sucrose

- Frequency

23
Q

Caries is modified by the _____ ____ of the tooth.

A

Inherent nature (incisors vs. molars)

24
Q

The _____ and _____ of mineral content of the tooth determines its resistance to caries.

A
  • Amount

- Type

25
Q

The secondary or modifying factors of caries etiology (oral environment factors)

A

-Time
-Oral environmental factors:
saliva, protein, calcium & phosphate, fluoride, plaque, chewing gum, sealants, antibacterial agent

26
Q

Factors that influence the cariogenicity of the diet

A
  • Type (fermentable carb.)
  • Frequency of consumption
  • Physical characteristics (consistency, detergency/oral clearance)
  • Amount
27
Q

Factors that influence the quantitative and qualitative nature of bacteria

A
  • Diet
  • Oral hygiene
  • Fluoride in plaque
28
Q

Factors that influence the resistance of the tooth to bacteria

A
  • Morphology
  • Chemical Composition (fluoride conc., carbonate level, trace elements, etc.)
  • Surface composition of enamel
  • Crystallinity of OH-apatite (mineralization)
  • Ultrastructure
29
Q

The secondary or modifying factors of caries etiology (personal factors)

A
  • Socio-demographic status
  • Income
  • Insurance
  • Dental visits
  • Knowledge
  • Attitudes
  • Personal/cultural beliefs
  • Oral health literacy
  • Behavior
  • Education
30
Q

Factors of the saliva that influence caries

A
  • Composition
  • Flow rate
  • Buffering capacity
  • pH
  • Cleansing
  • Hydrolysis of substrate
  • Antibacterial action
31
Q

______ is a very effective buffer.

A

High salivary flow rate

32
Q

A stimulated salivary flow rate under ____ mL/min is associated with high caries risk.

A

0.7 mL/min

33
Q

The balance between demineralization and remineralization can be altered by the _______.

A

Rate of salivary flow

34
Q

Caries is a _____ disease due to ______ by calcium, phosphate, and fluoride.

A
  • Reversible

- Remineralization

35
Q

Caries is a preventable disease by changing the local biochemistry of the oral environment can be achieved by _____ application, change in _____ habit, _____ stimulation, and change in ______ attitude.

A
  • Fluoride
  • Dietary
  • Saliva
  • Oral hygiene
36
Q

Pathological factors of caries

A
  • Acid producing bacteria
  • Sub-normal saliva flow or functions
  • Reduced fluoride availability
  • Frequent intake of fermentable carbohydrate
37
Q

Protective factors of caries

A
  • Good oral hygiene
  • Good saliva flow and components
  • Topical fluoride application
  • Sealants
  • Use of other anticaries & remineralizing agents

Exam 2: DHHD 5001 (14 decks)

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