Epidemiology of Caries (Cappelli) Flashcards
Dental caries is a diet-dependent, communicable, microbiologically-mediated ______ that follows an _____ and ____ disease pathway.
- Disease
- Infectious and chronic
Measure of disease frequency that quantifies the proportion of a population who has the disease at a specific time and provides an estimate of the risk that an individual will have the disease at a given point in time.
Prevalence
Quantification of the number of new cases of a disease that develops in a population of individuals at risk during a specific time interval.
Incidence
Most often, population measures calculate _____ of disease.
Prevalence
Can measure ____ or development of new lesions over time (usually minimum of three years).
Incidence
____ are frequently used to measure disease in populations.
Indices
DMF Index
D: # of teeth or surfaces that are DECAYED
M: # of teeth or surfaces that are MISSING (due to caries)
F: # of teeth or surfaces that are FILLED
The DMF index measures the ______ of coronal caries in populations.
Prevalence
The DMF Index is ____ and can be applied to ____ or ____.
- Irreversible
- Whole tooth (DMFT) or number of surfaces (DMFS)
DMFT calculation
(DT+MT+FT)/n
n=number of subjects
DMFS calculation
(DS+MS+FS)/n
n=number of subjects
Rules for DMF: if there is recurrent decay, ____ takes precedence over ____.
- Decay (D)
- Filled (F)
Rules for DMF: each tooth or surface is counted ______.
Only once
Rules for DMF: _____ are not included.
Third molars
Limitation of DMF
- Not related to total number of teeth at risk
- Equal weight to missing, untreated decay, or well-restored teeth
- Can overestimate in teeth with “preventive resin restorations”
- Cannot be utilized to estimate treatment need
- Does not account for sealed teeth
dft/s Index measures decayed and filled teeth (t) or surfaces (s) in the _______.
Primary dentition
Basic Screening Survey measures
- Untreated decay
- Treated decay
- Dental caries experience
- Treatment urgency
There is a reduction in the incidence of dental caries in children and young adults in ______ nations attributed to increases in the exposure to _______.
- Developed
- Fluoride
Higher socioeconomic status had the greatest _______ in caries experience compared to lower SES groups.
Decrease
In both white and African American children, the mean number of decayed teeth decreased with increasing SES, which suggests that the incidence of dental caries is related to _____ and not race.
SES
Increase in dental caries in some ______ nations due to increasing consumption of fermentable carbohydrates.
Developing
In remote locations, the patterns of dental caries includes ____, ____, and ___, which reflects a predominantly agricultural society.
- High attrition
- Little coronal caries
- Moderate-high prevalence of root caries
Dental caries is predominantly a disease of _____. Lower SES is the predominant demographic risk factor for caries, superceding race and ethnicity.
Poverty
Caries is not distributed evenly across the population, but is ______. This allows up to assess risk for caries.
Clustered
Dental caries is a ______ disease. Prevention must address the multiple layers of causation and risk.
Multifactorial
