Epidemiology of Caries (Cappelli)

Question 1

Dental caries is a diet-dependent, communicable, microbiologically-mediated ______ that follows an _____ and ____ disease pathway.

Answer 1

• Disease

- Infectious and chronic

Question 2

Measure of disease frequency that quantifies the proportion of a population who has the disease at a specific time and provides an estimate of the risk that an individual will have the disease at a given point in time.

Answer 2

Prevalence

Question 3

Quantification of the number of new cases of a disease that develops in a population of individuals at risk during a specific time interval.

Answer 3

Incidence

Question 4

Most often, population measures calculate _____ of disease.

Answer 4

Prevalence

Question 5

Can measure ____ or development of new lesions over time (usually minimum of three years).

Answer 5

Incidence

Question 6

____ are frequently used to measure disease in populations.

Answer 6

Indices

Question 7

DMF Index

Answer 7

D: # of teeth or surfaces that are DECAYED
M: # of teeth or surfaces that are MISSING (due to caries)
F: # of teeth or surfaces that are FILLED

Question 8

The DMF index measures the ______ of coronal caries in populations.

Answer 8

Prevalence

Question 9

The DMF Index is ____ and can be applied to ____ or ____.

Answer 9

• Irreversible

- Whole tooth (DMFT) or number of surfaces (DMFS)

Question 10

DMFT calculation

Answer 10

(DT+MT+FT)/n

n=number of subjects

Question 11

DMFS calculation

Answer 11

(DS+MS+FS)/n

n=number of subjects

Question 12

Rules for DMF: if there is recurrent decay, ____ takes precedence over ____.

Answer 12

• Decay (D)

- Filled (F)

Question 13

Rules for DMF: each tooth or surface is counted ______.

Answer 13

Only once

Question 14

Rules for DMF: _____ are not included.

Answer 14

Third molars

Question 15

Limitation of DMF

Answer 15

• Not related to total number of teeth at risk
• Equal weight to missing, untreated decay, or well-restored teeth
• Can overestimate in teeth with “preventive resin restorations”
• Cannot be utilized to estimate treatment need
• Does not account for sealed teeth

Question 16

dft/s Index measures decayed and filled teeth (t) or surfaces (s) in the _______.

Answer 16

Primary dentition

Question 17

Basic Screening Survey measures

Answer 17

• Untreated decay
• Treated decay
• Dental caries experience
• Treatment urgency

Question 18

There is a reduction in the incidence of dental caries in children and young adults in ______ nations attributed to increases in the exposure to _______.

Answer 18

• Developed

- Fluoride

Question 19

Higher socioeconomic status had the greatest _______ in caries experience compared to lower SES groups.

Answer 19

Decrease

Question 20

In both white and African American children, the mean number of decayed teeth decreased with increasing SES, which suggests that the incidence of dental caries is related to _____ and not race.

Answer 20

SES

Question 21

Increase in dental caries in some ______ nations due to increasing consumption of fermentable carbohydrates.

Answer 21

Developing

Question 22

In remote locations, the patterns of dental caries includes ____, ____, and ___, which reflects a predominantly agricultural society.

Answer 22

• High attrition
• Little coronal caries
• Moderate-high prevalence of root caries

Question 23

Dental caries is predominantly a disease of _____. Lower SES is the predominant demographic risk factor for caries, superceding race and ethnicity.

Answer 23

Poverty

Question 24

Caries is not distributed evenly across the population, but is ______. This allows up to assess risk for caries.

Answer 24

Clustered

Question 25

Dental caries is a ______ disease. Prevention must address the multiple layers of causation and risk.

Answer 25

Multifactorial